Question 1

A standard deviation measures what?​

Accepted Answer

A) The variation of scores within a group​ 
B) ​The probability of replicating a result 
C) ​The difference in scores between two groups 
D) ​The difference between the actual results and the predicted results 
A) The variation of scores within a group​ 
B) ​The probability of replicating a result 
C) ​The difference in scores between two groups 
D) ​The difference between the actual results and the predicted results A

Question 2

If the results of an experiment indicate that p < 0.05,which of these is correct?​

Accepted Answer

A) There is less than a 5 percent probability that chance produced this result. 
B) ​Chance alone would produce this result less than 5 percent of the time. 
C) ​We are 95 percent confident that the conclusion is correct. 
D) ​We are less than 5 percent confident that the conclusion is correct. 
A) There is less than a 5 percent probability that chance produced this result. 
B) ​Chance alone would produce this result less than 5 percent of the time. 
C) ​We are 95 percent confident that the conclusion is correct. 
D) ​We are less than 5 percent confident that the conclusion is correct. B

Question 3

Demand characteristics have a possible effect on whom?​

Accepted Answer

A) The participants in an experiment 
B) ​The person who evaluates the results of an experiment 
C) ​The person who designs the experiment 
D) ​The people who read about the results of an experiment 
A) The participants in an experiment 
B) ​The person who evaluates the results of an experiment 
C) ​The person who designs the experiment 
D) ​The people who read about the results of an experiment A

Question 4

People who believe they have taken a hallucinogenic drug sometimes report hallucinations,even if they took a placebo.Which of these does this phenomenon illustrate?​

Accepted Answer

A) Experimenter bias 
B) ​Independent variables 
C) ​Demand characteristics 
D) ​Blind observations 
A) Experimenter bias 
B) ​Independent variables 
C) ​Demand characteristics 
D) ​Blind observations

Question 5

Someone finds that the number of hours a student spends studying correlates negatively with a student's skill at video games.Which of the following can we conclude?​

Accepted Answer

A) Students who are good at video games tend not to study as much as others. 
B) ​Most students spend more time studying than playing video games. 
C) ​Most students spend more time playing video games than studying. 
D) ​As a semester progresses, students spend more time studying and less on video games. 
A) Students who are good at video games tend not to study as much as others. 
B) ​Most students spend more time studying than playing video games. 
C) ​Most students spend more time playing video games than studying. 
D) ​As a semester progresses, students spend more time studying and less on video games.

Question 6

Which of the following has become more common in psychology than it used to be?​

Accepted Answer

A) Research studies without asking for informed consent 
B) ​Attempts to replicate other researchers' findings 
C) ​Research that reports the p value of the results 
D) ​Laboratory research on animal learning 
A) Research studies without asking for informed consent 
B) ​Attempts to replicate other researchers' findings 
C) ​Research that reports the p value of the results 
D) ​Laboratory research on animal learning

Question 7

A cross-cultural study compared all 300 residents of a remote African village to 300 volunteers from Chicago.What is the MAIN weakness in this research?​

Accepted Answer

A) The researcher might not find a large difference between the cultures. 
B) ​Chicago is not a typical American city. 
C) ​The types of samples are not comparable. 
D) ​A village with only 300 people is too small. 
A) The researcher might not find a large difference between the cultures. 
B) ​Chicago is not a typical American city. 
C) ​The types of samples are not comparable. 
D) ​A village with only 300 people is too small.

Question 8

People's use of marijuana correlates positively with their probability of developing schizophrenia.What,if anything,can we conclude from this observation?​

Accepted Answer

A) Marijuana increases the risk of schizophrenia. 
B) ​People developing schizophrenia become more likely to use marijuana. 
C) ​Neighborhoods where schizophrenia is common tend to have easy access to marijuana. 
D) ​We can draw none of these conclusions. 
A) Marijuana increases the risk of schizophrenia. 
B) ​People developing schizophrenia become more likely to use marijuana. 
C) ​Neighborhoods where schizophrenia is common tend to have easy access to marijuana. 
D) ​We can draw none of these conclusions.

Question 9

It has been reported that people who spend more time reading tend to have a larger vocabulary.This conclusion is probably based on which kind of study?​

Accepted Answer

A) Correlation 
B) ​Cross-cultural study 
C) ​Single-blind experiment 
D) ​Double-blind experiment 
A) Correlation 
B) ​Cross-cultural study 
C) ​Single-blind experiment 
D) ​Double-blind experiment

Question 10

What do we call an observation of what people or animals do in their normal environments?​

Accepted Answer

A) A single-blind study 
B) ​A double-blind study 
C) ​Naturalistic observation 
D) ​A controlled experiment 
A) A single-blind study 
B) ​A double-blind study 
C) ​Naturalistic observation 
D) ​A controlled experiment

Question 11

When Clever Hans appeared to do complex math,why did scientists seek a different explanation?​

Accepted Answer

A) Scientists seek the most interesting explanation. 
B) ​Scientists seek the most parsimonious explanation. 
C) ​Scientists seek the most original explanation. 
D) ​Scientists seek the most psychoanalytic explanation. 
A) Scientists seek the most interesting explanation. 
B) ​Scientists seek the most parsimonious explanation. 
C) ​Scientists seek the most original explanation. 
D) ​Scientists seek the most psychoanalytic explanation.

Question 12

What was Oskar Pfungst's evidence that Clever Hans was not doing math?​

Accepted Answer

A) Hans answered correctly only when the questioner made certain sounds. 
B) ​Hans answered correctly only when the questioner stood in plain sight. 
C) ​Hans answered correctly only when his trainer, Mr. von Osten, was present. 
D) ​Hans answered correctly on some days and not others. 
A) Hans answered correctly only when the questioner made certain sounds. 
B) ​Hans answered correctly only when the questioner stood in plain sight. 
C) ​Hans answered correctly only when his trainer, Mr. von Osten, was present. 
D) ​Hans answered correctly on some days and not others.

Question 13

What is an illusory correlation?​

Accepted Answer

A) A relationship between two imaginary variables 
B) ​A relationship between a psychological variable and a physical variable 
C) ​An imagined or greatly exaggerated relationship 
D) ​A relationship that has been growing stronger over time 
A) A relationship between two imaginary variables 
B) ​A relationship between a psychological variable and a physical variable 
C) ​An imagined or greatly exaggerated relationship 
D) ​A relationship that has been growing stronger over time

Question 14

If a theory is falsifiable,then which of the following is true?​

Accepted Answer

A) It is too vague to be useful. 
B) ​We can imagine evidence that would contradict it. 
C) ​Scientists have replaced it with a better theory. 
D) ​It makes interpretations that are not parsimonious. 
A) It is too vague to be useful. 
B) ​We can imagine evidence that would contradict it. 
C) ​Scientists have replaced it with a better theory. 
D) ​It makes interpretations that are not parsimonious.

Question 15

What does a meta-analysis do?​

Accepted Answer

A) It re-examines the results of a controversial experiment. 
B) ​It determines whether the interpretation of a result is parsimonious. 
C) ​It removes from consideration any data that appear to be inaccurate. 
D) ​It combines the results from many studies. 
A) It re-examines the results of a controversial experiment. 
B) ​It determines whether the interpretation of a result is parsimonious. 
C) ​It removes from consideration any data that appear to be inaccurate. 
D) ​It combines the results from many studies.

Question 16

If a theory is "falsifiable," then which of these is true about it?​

Accepted Answer

A) More than one experiment has disconfirmed the theory. 
B) ​It makes specific, testable predictions. 
C) ​It contradicts other well-established theories. 
D) ​It is based on too many unlikely assumptions. 
A) More than one experiment has disconfirmed the theory. 
B) ​It makes specific, testable predictions. 
C) ​It contradicts other well-established theories. 
D) ​It is based on too many unlikely assumptions.

Question 17

A researcher,who predicts that left-handers are better artists than right-handers,watches people draw and evaluates their art.What would be the most important way to improve this study?​

Accepted Answer

A) Randomly assign people to being left- or right-handed. 
B) ​Evaluate their music as well as their art. 
C) ​Use a "blind" observer. 
D) ​Be sure to have an equal number of left- and right-handers. 
A) Randomly assign people to being left- or right-handed. 
B) ​Evaluate their music as well as their art. 
C) ​Use a "blind" observer. 
D) ​Be sure to have an equal number of left- and right-handers.

Question 18

Showing up on time for class correlates positively with better grades in the course.What conclusion,if any,follows?​

Accepted Answer

A) Being in class the whole time improves learning of the material. 
B) ​Students who are doing well in the course tend to show more interest. 
C) ​Students who are conscientious about attendance are also conscientious about studying. 
D) ​None of these conclusions follow from the observation. 
A) Being in class the whole time improves learning of the material. 
B) ​Students who are doing well in the course tend to show more interest. 
C) ​Students who are conscientious about attendance are also conscientious about studying. 
D) ​None of these conclusions follow from the observation.

Question 19

Which of these characterizes a representative sample?​

Accepted Answer

A) Anyone who volunteers to participate is included in the study. 
B) ​Everyone in the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the study. 
C) ​The percentages of male and female, old and young, match the whole population. 
D) ​The people in the study say they are confident that their opinions are the common ones. 
A) Anyone who volunteers to participate is included in the study. 
B) ​Everyone in the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the study. 
C) ​The percentages of male and female, old and young, match the whole population. 
D) ​The people in the study say they are confident that their opinions are the common ones.

Question 20

What is one of the main objections raised against ESP?​

Accepted Answer

A) Not enough anecdotes have been reported. 
B) ​The experiments claiming to support ESP have independent variables. 
C) ​The results claiming to support ESP are not replicable. 
D) ​The theory behind ESP is falsifiable. 
A) Not enough anecdotes have been reported. 
B) ​The experiments claiming to support ESP have independent variables. 
C) ​The results claiming to support ESP are not replicable. 
D) ​The theory behind ESP is falsifiable.

Exam 2: Scientific Methods in Psychology

A standard deviation measures what?​

If the results of an experiment indicate that p < 0.05,which of these is correct?​

Demand characteristics have a possible effect on whom?​

People who believe they have taken a hallucinogenic drug sometimes report hallucinations,even if they took a placebo.Which of these does this phenomenon illustrate?​

Someone finds that the number of hours a student spends studying correlates negatively with a student's skill at video games.Which of the following can we conclude?​

Which of the following has become more common in psychology than it used to be?​

A cross-cultural study compared all 300 residents of a remote African village to 300 volunteers from Chicago.What is the MAIN weakness in this research?​

People's use of marijuana correlates positively with their probability of developing schizophrenia.What,if anything,can we conclude from this observation?​

It has been reported that people who spend more time reading tend to have a larger vocabulary.This conclusion is probably based on which kind of study?​

What do we call an observation of what people or animals do in their normal environments?​

When Clever Hans appeared to do complex math,why did scientists seek a different explanation?​

What was Oskar Pfungst's evidence that Clever Hans was not doing math?​

What is an illusory correlation?​

If a theory is falsifiable,then which of the following is true?​

What does a meta-analysis do?​

If a theory is "falsifiable," then which of these is true about it?​

A researcher,who predicts that left-handers are better artists than right-handers,watches people draw and evaluates their art.What would be the most important way to improve this study?​

Showing up on time for class correlates positively with better grades in the course.What conclusion,if any,follows?​

Which of these characterizes a representative sample?​

What is one of the main objections raised against ESP?​

What Is Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

A standard deviation measures what?

If the results of an experiment indicate that p < 0.05,which of these is correct?

Demand characteristics have a possible effect on whom?

People who believe they have taken a hallucinogenic drug sometimes report hallucinations,even if they took a placebo.Which of these does this phenomenon illustrate?

Someone finds that the number of hours a student spends studying correlates negatively with a student's skill at video games.Which of the following can we conclude?

Which of the following has become more common in psychology than it used to be?

A cross-cultural study compared all 300 residents of a remote African village to 300 volunteers from Chicago.What is the MAIN weakness in this research?

People's use of marijuana correlates positively with their probability of developing schizophrenia.What,if anything,can we conclude from this observation?

It has been reported that people who spend more time reading tend to have a larger vocabulary.This conclusion is probably based on which kind of study?

What do we call an observation of what people or animals do in their normal environments?

When Clever Hans appeared to do complex math,why did scientists seek a different explanation?

What was Oskar Pfungst's evidence that Clever Hans was not doing math?

What is an illusory correlation?

If a theory is falsifiable,then which of the following is true?

What does a meta-analysis do?

If a theory is "falsifiable," then which of these is true about it?

A researcher,who predicts that left-handers are better artists than right-handers,watches people draw and evaluates their art.What would be the most important way to improve this study?

Showing up on time for class correlates positively with better grades in the course.What conclusion,if any,follows?

Which of these characterizes a representative sample?

What is one of the main objections raised against ESP?