Question 1

Spectrophotometric instruments often have the capability of automatically sensing the presence of common interferents except:

Accepted Answer

A) icterus 
B) hemolysis 
C) clots 
D) lipemia 
A) icterus 
B) hemolysis 
C) clots 
D) lipemia C

Question 2

What is the essential part of laboratory automation that allows for the automatic reporting of test results without review by the technologist?

Accepted Answer

A) middleware software 
B) the LIS 
C) autoverification 
D) none of the above 
A) middleware software 
B) the LIS 
C) autoverification 
D) none of the above C

Question 3

_______________ is defined as the maximum number of samples or tests that can be processed in an hour.

Accepted Answer

A) Throughput 
B) Dwell time 
C) Stat testing 
D) Test repertoire 
A) Throughput 
B) Dwell time 
C) Stat testing 
D) Test repertoire A

Question 4

In most cases, automated incubation is performed under conditions of a specified, constant temperature, which is most frequently achieved by the use of_______________.

Accepted Answer

A) heating blocks 
B) air 
C) water baths 
D) any of the above 
A) heating blocks 
B) air 
C) water baths 
D) any of the above

Question 5

The majority of laboratory errors occur during ______ and ______.

Accepted Answer

A) test ordering, sample transport 
B) phlebotomy, front-end processing of the sample 
C) phlebotomy, result reporting 
D) front-end processing of the sample, result reporting 
A) test ordering, sample transport 
B) phlebotomy, front-end processing of the sample 
C) phlebotomy, result reporting 
D) front-end processing of the sample, result reporting

Question 6

Studies have shown that automating front-end specimen processing has ______ sample processing time, ______ labor cost, and ___ __ specimen pour-off, labeling, and sorting errors.

Accepted Answer

A) decreased, decreased, decreased 
B) decreased, increased, decreased 
C) increased, decreased, increased 
D) increased, increased, increased 
A) decreased, decreased, decreased 
B) decreased, increased, decreased 
C) increased, decreased, increased 
D) increased, increased, increased

Question 7

A/An ____________ is an instrument that performs the same test simultaneously on all samples.

Accepted Answer

A) random-access analyzer 
B) batch analyzer 
C) automated clinical chemistry analyzer 
D) none of the above 
A) random-access analyzer 
B) batch analyzer 
C) automated clinical chemistry analyzer 
D) none of the above

Question 8

What is the primary driving force for automation in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

A) expansion of laboratory testing to generate more revenue 
B) reduction of costs 
C) reduction of turnaround time 
D) reduction of laboratory errors 
A) expansion of laboratory testing to generate more revenue 
B) reduction of costs 
C) reduction of turnaround time 
D) reduction of laboratory errors

Question 9

Which type of laboratory automated system is usually a turnkey system that contains the components for each step in the process, including sample sorters, aliquoters, centrifuges, and analyzers that are interconnected by the track system?

Accepted Answer

A) modular integrated system 
B) stand-alone systems 
C) total laboratory automation 
D) none of the above 
A) modular integrated system 
B) stand-alone systems 
C) total laboratory automation 
D) none of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is/are advantages of the middleware concept over the use of a LIS alone?

Accepted Answer

A) Middleware can be connected to a number of analyzers and provide a central workstation in the laboratory to monitor quality functions. 
B) Middleware may allow reduction of staff assigned to instruments. 
C) Middleware allows for information to flow from laboratory analyzers to the software where decision rules are applied. 
D) All of the above are advantages of the middleware concept. 
A) Middleware can be connected to a number of analyzers and provide a central workstation in the laboratory to monitor quality functions. 
B) Middleware may allow reduction of staff assigned to instruments. 
C) Middleware allows for information to flow from laboratory analyzers to the software where decision rules are applied. 
D) All of the above are advantages of the middleware concept.

Question 11

The error rate in clinical laboratories has been estimated to be in what range?

Accepted Answer

A) 10.0% to 32 % 
B) 1.0% to 2.4 % 
C) 0.1% to 2.5% 
D) 2.5% to 10.0 % 
A) 10.0% to 32 % 
B) 1.0% to 2.4 % 
C) 0.1% to 2.5% 
D) 2.5% to 10.0 %

Question 12

In almost all systems, sample is introduced into an analyzer with a thin, stainless-steel probe.A potential problem with these probes is the risk of clots.As the amount of sample to be introduced into the analyzer decreases, the diameter of the probe ______, and the risk of clots ______.

Accepted Answer

A) increases, increases 
B) decreases, increases 
C) increases, decreases 
D) decreases, decreases 
A) increases, increases 
B) decreases, increases 
C) increases, decreases 
D) decreases, decreases

Question 13

____________________ is an automated volumetric dispensing method in which sample and reagents are proportioned by their relative flow rates.

Accepted Answer

A) Volumetric dispensing method 
B) An electrical valve 
C) Continuous-flow technique 
D) None of the above 
A) Volumetric dispensing method 
B) An electrical valve 
C) Continuous-flow technique 
D) None of the above

Question 14

Total laboratory automation systems do not automate which section of the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

A) immunochemistry 
B) hematology 
C) coagulation 
D) immunohematology 
A) immunochemistry 
B) hematology 
C) coagulation 
D) immunohematology

Question 15

If less carryover is permitted by an instrument, the number of samples that are processed per hour will ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) increase 
B) decrease 
C) remain the same 
D) none of the above, because carryover has no effect on sample processing 
A) increase 
B) decrease 
C) remain the same 
D) none of the above, because carryover has no effect on sample processing

Question 16

Commonly the following steps are performed during the course of chemical analysis: mix an aliquot of sample with reagents, ______, ______, ______, and provide an appropriate readout for the permanent record.

Accepted Answer

A) monitor the result of the reaction, incubate the reaction mixture, quantify the extent of the reaction 
B) quantify the extent of the reaction, incubate the reaction mixture, monitor the result of the reaction 
C) monitor the result of the reaction, quantify the extent of the reaction, incubate the reaction mixture 
D) incubate the reaction mixture, monitor the result of the reaction, quantify the extent of the reaction 
A) monitor the result of the reaction, incubate the reaction mixture, quantify the extent of the reaction 
B) quantify the extent of the reaction, incubate the reaction mixture, monitor the result of the reaction 
C) monitor the result of the reaction, quantify the extent of the reaction, incubate the reaction mixture 
D) incubate the reaction mixture, monitor the result of the reaction, quantify the extent of the reaction

Question 17

The laboratory process can be broken down into these components: test ordering, sample acquisition (phlebotomy), ______, front-end sample processing, ______, result acquisition, ______, archiving, and retrieval and disposal of samples.

Accepted Answer

A) sample transport, sample analysis, result reporting 
B) sample analysis, sample transport, result reporting 
C) sample transport, result reporting, sample analysis 
D) none of the above 
A) sample transport, sample analysis, result reporting 
B) sample analysis, sample transport, result reporting 
C) sample transport, result reporting, sample analysis 
D) none of the above

Exam 20: Laboratory Automation

Spectrophotometric instruments often have the capability of automatically sensing the presence of common interferents except:

What is the essential part of laboratory automation that allows for the automatic reporting of test results without review by the technologist?

_______________ is defined as the maximum number of samples or tests that can be processed in an hour.

In most cases, automated incubation is performed under conditions of a specified, constant temperature, which is most frequently achieved by the use of_______________.

The majority of laboratory errors occur during ______ and ______.

Studies have shown that automating front-end specimen processing has ______ sample processing time, ______ labor cost, and ___ __ specimen pour-off, labeling, and sorting errors.

A/An ____________ is an instrument that performs the same test simultaneously on all samples.

What is the primary driving force for automation in the laboratory?

Which type of laboratory automated system is usually a turnkey system that contains the components for each step in the process, including sample sorters, aliquoters, centrifuges, and analyzers that are interconnected by the track system?

Which of the following is/are advantages of the middleware concept over the use of a LIS alone?

The error rate in clinical laboratories has been estimated to be in what range?

In almost all systems, sample is introduced into an analyzer with a thin, stainless-steel probe.A potential problem with these probes is the risk of clots.As the amount of sample to be introduced into the analyzer decreases, the diameter of the probe ______, and the risk of clots ______.

____________________ is an automated volumetric dispensing method in which sample and reagents are proportioned by their relative flow rates.

Total laboratory automation systems do not automate which section of the laboratory?

If less carryover is permitted by an instrument, the number of samples that are processed per hour will ______________.

Commonly the following steps are performed during the course of chemical analysis: mix an aliquot of sample with reagents, ______, ______, ______, and provide an appropriate readout for the permanent record.

The laboratory process can be broken down into these components: test ordering, sample acquisition (phlebotomy), ______, front-end sample processing, ______, result acquisition, ______, archiving, and retrieval and disposal of samples.

Basic Laboratory Principles and Techniques

Spectral Techniques

Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry: Theory, Practice, and Instrumentation

Chromatographic Techniques

Laboratory Analysis of Hemoglobin Variants

Electrophoresis

Immunological Reactions

Immunochemical Techniques

Principles for Competitive-Binding Assays

Laboratory Approaches to Serology Testing

Measurement of Colligative Properties

Electrochemistry: Principles and Measurement

Molecular Diagnostics

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Clinical Enzymology

Protein Isoforms: Isoenzymes and Isoforms

Interferences in Chemical Analysis

Sources and Control of Preanalytical Variation

Laboratory Management

Point-Of-Care Near-Patient Testing

Laboratory Information Systems

Laboratory Statistics

Reference Intervals and Clinical Decision Limits

Quality Control for the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory

Evaluation of Methods

Classification and Description of Proteins, Lipids, and Carbohydrates

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Body Water and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Control and Acid-Base Disorders

Renal Function

Liver Function

Diagnosis of Viral Hepatitis

Bone Disease

The Pancreas: Function and Chemical Pathology

Gastrointestinal Function

Cardiac and Muscle Disease

Coronary Artery Disease: Lipid Metabolism

Diabetes Mellitus

Iron and Porphyrin Metabolism

Hemoglobin

Human Nutrition

Trace Metals

Vitamins

Pregnancy and Fetal Development

The Newborn

Extravascular Biological Fluids

Nervous System

General Endocrinology

Thyroid

The Gonads

Adrenal Hormones and Hypertension

Diseases of Genetic Origin

Neoplasia

Laboratory Evaluation of the Transplant Recipient

Toxicology

Addiction and Substance Abuse

Filters

The majority of laboratory errors occur during and .

Studies have shown that automating front-end specimen processing has __ sample processing time, labor cost, and _ __ specimen pour-off, labeling, and sorting errors.

In almost all systems, sample is introduced into an analyzer with a thin, stainless-steel probe.A potential problem with these probes is the risk of clots.As the amount of sample to be introduced into the analyzer decreases, the diameter of the probe , and the risk of clots .

Commonly the following steps are performed during the course of chemical analysis: mix an aliquot of sample with reagents, , , __, and provide an appropriate readout for the permanent record.

The laboratory process can be broken down into these components: test ordering, sample acquisition (phlebotomy), , front-end sample processing, , result acquisition, __, archiving, and retrieval and disposal of samples.