Exam 34: The Pancreas: Function and Chemical Pathology

C-reactive protein (CRP) has been used to evaluate prognosis of pancreatitis.CRP levels of ______ at 48 hours after onset of symptoms are associated with a positive predictive value of about ______ for severe disease and a negative predictive value of _____ for severe disease.

Nerve fibers in pancreatic tissue stimulate production of:

Both amylase and lipase rise rapidly with the onset of pancreatic injury.Amylase will remain increased an average of ______; lipase typically remains increased for ______ after injury.

The principal cations in pancreatic fluid are: 1)sodium 2)potassium 3)calcium 4)magnesium 5)chloride

Which of the following can cause acute pancreatitis?

Excess production of ______ produces Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, whereas excess production of ______ produces the syndrome of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria.

Which of the following best summarizes the usefulness of the Ranson criteria for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis?

Complex carbohydrates are digested by which pancreatic product?

A 45-year-old patient presents with hyperglycemia, weight loss, and a peculiar skin rash.This distinctive combination of symptoms is consistent with _______________.

In insulinoma, the insulin-to-glucose ratio is ______ along with ______ C-peptide levels.

The exocrine acini are drained by ductules that combine into a single ______.In most individuals, this joins the common bile duct at the ______, which opens through the duodenal papilla.This orifice is encircled by the ______, so that pancreatic exocrine secretions can flow into the gastrointestinal tract.

A 56-year-old female presents with glucose intolerance, gallbladder disease, and diarrhea.A large, malignant tumor was found in the head of the pancreas and was causing bile duct obstruction.What is the most probable type of tumor?

In cystic fibrosis, pancreatic secretions are of a/an ______ viscosity and a/an ______ volume, which leads to a greatly ______ pancreatic flow.

Alpha cells: 1)constitute 20% to 30% of the islet cells 2)constitute 60% to 70% of the islet cells 3)produce glucagon 4)produce pro-insulin

The pancreas is an elongated, flattened pyramidal organ, located mostly behind the ______; the tail points to the ______, and the head is nestled in the ______.

Diabetes mellitus: 1)can be caused by autoimmune islet cell destruction. 2)can be caused by insulin resistance. 3)can show an abnormal serum amylase in the absence of pancreatitis. 4)is commonly caused by inflammation of the pancreas.

Which of the following can lead to the release of cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin?