Question 1

In operant conditioning,__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus that leads to a reflexive response 
B)  babies build expectations about stimulus events, but do not influence the stimuli that occur 
C)  infants act, and stimuli that follow their behavior change the probability that the behavior will occur again 
D)  once a baby's nervous system makes the connection between two stimuli, the neutral stimulus produces the behavior 
A)  a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus that leads to a reflexive response 
B)  babies build expectations about stimulus events, but do not influence the stimuli that occur 
C)  infants act, and stimuli that follow their behavior change the probability that the behavior will occur again 
D)  once a baby's nervous system makes the connection between two stimuli, the neutral stimulus produces the behavior

Question 2

In operant conditioning,a stimulus that increases the occurrence of a response is called a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcer 
B)  punishment 
C)  neutral stimulus 
D)  conditioned stimulus 
A)  reinforcer 
B)  punishment 
C)  neutral stimulus 
D)  conditioned stimulus

Question 3

Newborn Farrah will probably look longer at __________ human and animal faces than __________ ones.

Accepted Answer

A)  upside-down; upright 
B)  unattractive; attractive 
C)  directly gazing; sleeping 
D)  sideways; upright 
A)  upside-down; upright 
B)  unattractive; attractive 
C)  directly gazing; sleeping 
D)  sideways; upright

Question 4

Between 4 and 7 months,infants __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prefer nonspeech over human speech 
B)  display a sense of musical phrasing 
C)  recognize the same melody when it is played in different keys 
D)  prefer listening to a rhythmically distinct foreign language rather than their native tongue 
A)  prefer nonspeech over human speech 
B)  display a sense of musical phrasing 
C)  recognize the same melody when it is played in different keys 
D)  prefer listening to a rhythmically distinct foreign language rather than their native tongue

Question 5

Among the __________,babies hold their heads up,sit alone,and walk considerably earlier than North American infants.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gusii of Kenya 
B)  West Indians of Jamaica 
C)  rural northeastern Chinese 
D)  Zinacanteco Indians of southern Mexico 
A)  Gusii of Kenya 
B)  West Indians of Jamaica 
C)  rural northeastern Chinese 
D)  Zinacanteco Indians of southern Mexico

Question 6

Most chubby babies __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  become overweight adults 
B)  are bottle-fed rather than breastfed 
C)  are less active than normal-weight babies 
D)  thin out during toddlerhood and early childhood 
A)  become overweight adults 
B)  are bottle-fed rather than breastfed 
C)  are less active than normal-weight babies 
D)  thin out during toddlerhood and early childhood

Question 7

Which statement about brain plasticity is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  A highly plastic cerebral cortex has a low capacity for learning. 
B)  Damage to a highly plastic cerebral cortex means that the abilities it controls cannot be recovered. 
C)  Many areas of a highly plastic cerebral cortex are not yet committed to specific functions. 
D)  The brain is the most plastic during adolescence. 
A)  A highly plastic cerebral cortex has a low capacity for learning. 
B)  Damage to a highly plastic cerebral cortex means that the abilities it controls cannot be recovered. 
C)  Many areas of a highly plastic cerebral cortex are not yet committed to specific functions. 
D)  The brain is the most plastic during adolescence.

Question 8

Training infants with letter and number flash cards,as well as educational tablet applications,__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  yields smarter "superbabies" who are ready for the challenge of formal education 
B)  increases the size of the prefrontal cortex, which governs complex cognition 
C)  increases the brain's capacity for impulse control and stress management 
D)  can cause them to withdraw, thereby creating conditions much like stimulus deprivation 
A)  yields smarter "superbabies" who are ready for the challenge of formal education 
B)  increases the size of the prefrontal cortex, which governs complex cognition 
C)  increases the brain's capacity for impulse control and stress management 
D)  can cause them to withdraw, thereby creating conditions much like stimulus deprivation

Question 9

Dr.Sardoza is interested in research on the organization and interpretation of what we see.Dr.Sardoza studies __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensation 
B)  habituation 
C)  perception 
D)  imitation 
A)  sensation 
B)  habituation 
C)  perception 
D)  imitation

Question 10

Brain growth is especially dramatic during __________,when the brain more than doubles in size.

Accepted Answer

A)  the first year 
B)  the second year 
C)  middle childhood 
D)  adolescence 
A)  the first year 
B)  the second year 
C)  middle childhood 
D)  adolescence

Question 11

When skeletal ages are examined at birth,__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the sexes differ by about 4 to 6 weeks 
B)  boys are considerably ahead of girls 
C)  European-American children tend to be ahead of African-American children 
D)  there are no discernable differences between boys and girls 
A)  the sexes differ by about 4 to 6 weeks 
B)  boys are considerably ahead of girls 
C)  European-American children tend to be ahead of African-American children 
D)  there are no discernable differences between boys and girls

Question 12

Neurons __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are gaps between body cells 
B)  are tightly packed together 
C)  are responsible for myelination 
D)  store and transmit information 
A)  are gaps between body cells 
B)  are tightly packed together 
C)  are responsible for myelination 
D)  store and transmit information

Question 13

The cortical regions with the most extended period of development are responsible for __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  receiving sensory information 
B)  physical movement 
C)  complex thought 
D)  language development 
A)  receiving sensory information 
B)  physical movement 
C)  complex thought 
D)  language development

Question 14

Rachel is concerned that she might accidentally suffocate her baby if she shares a bed with him.What information can you share with Rachel about precautions taken in cultures where cosleeping is widespread?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents and infants usually sleep on soft surfaces and use quilts and comforters. 
B)  Parents typically place their infants on their stomachs to sleep. 
C)  Parents and infants usually sleep with light covering on hard surfaces. 
D)  Parents usually assume a distinctive sleeping posture by turning their backs to the infant. 
A)  Parents and infants usually sleep on soft surfaces and use quilts and comforters. 
B)  Parents typically place their infants on their stomachs to sleep. 
C)  Parents and infants usually sleep with light covering on hard surfaces. 
D)  Parents usually assume a distinctive sleeping posture by turning their backs to the infant.

Question 15

Synapses __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease dramatically during the first year 
B)  are tiny gaps between neighboring neurons 
C)  are pruned during mitosis 
D)  are responsible for myelination 
A)  decrease dramatically during the first year 
B)  are tiny gaps between neighboring neurons 
C)  are pruned during mitosis 
D)  are responsible for myelination

Question 16

Which learning experiences should Cheryl,a caregiver,use to promote experience-expectant brain growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  reading and writing 
B)  playing a game of peekaboo 
C)  playing computer games 
D)  practicing the piano 
A)  reading and writing 
B)  playing a game of peekaboo 
C)  playing computer games 
D)  practicing the piano

Question 17

Which statement about motor development is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Motor skills are interrelated. 
B)  Motor skills are separate, innate abilities. 
C)  Children acquire motor skills on a fixed maturational timetable. 
D)  Children acquire motor skills in the sequence implied by motor norms. 
A)  Motor skills are interrelated. 
B)  Motor skills are separate, innate abilities. 
C)  Children acquire motor skills on a fixed maturational timetable. 
D)  Children acquire motor skills in the sequence implied by motor norms.

Question 18

If learning has occurred in classical conditioning,and the neutral stimulus by itself produces a response similar to the reflexive response,the neutral stimulus is then called a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral response 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  conditioned response 
D)  reinforcer 
A)  neutral response 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  conditioned response 
D)  reinforcer

Question 19

__________ greatly influences the organization of the cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heredity 
B)  Body weight 
C)  A quiet environment 
D)  Early experience 
A)  Heredity 
B)  Body weight 
C)  A quiet environment 
D)  Early experience

Question 20

Newborn Sam's __________ is nearer to its adult size than any other physical structure.

Accepted Answer

A)  heart 
B)  brain 
C)  spinal cord 
D)  femur 
A)  heart 
B)  brain 
C)  spinal cord 
D)  femur

In operant conditioning,__________.

In operant conditioning,a stimulus that increases the occurrence of a response is called a __________.

Newborn Farrah will probably look longer at human and animal faces than ones.

Between 4 and 7 months,infants __________.

Among the __________,babies hold their heads up,sit alone,and walk considerably earlier than North American infants.

Most chubby babies __________.

Which statement about brain plasticity is true?

Training infants with letter and number flash cards,as well as educational tablet applications,__________.

Dr.Sardoza is interested in research on the organization and interpretation of what we see.Dr.Sardoza studies __________.

Brain growth is especially dramatic during __________,when the brain more than doubles in size.

When skeletal ages are examined at birth,__________.

Neurons __________.

The cortical regions with the most extended period of development are responsible for __________.

Rachel is concerned that she might accidentally suffocate her baby if she shares a bed with him.What information can you share with Rachel about precautions taken in cultures where cosleeping is widespread?

Synapses __________.

Which learning experiences should Cheryl,a caregiver,use to promote experience-expectant brain growth?

Which statement about motor development is true?

If learning has occurred in classical conditioning,and the neutral stimulus by itself produces a response similar to the reflexive response,the neutral stimulus is then called a __________.

__________ greatly influences the organization of the cerebral cortex.

Newborn Sam's __________ is nearer to its adult size than any other physical structure.

History, theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 4: Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

In operant conditioning,__________.

In operant conditioning,a stimulus that increases the occurrence of a response is called a __________.

Newborn Farrah will probably look longer at __________ human and animal faces than __________ ones.

Between 4 and 7 months,infants __________.

Among the __________,babies hold their heads up,sit alone,and walk considerably earlier than North American infants.

Most chubby babies __________.

Which statement about brain plasticity is true?

Training infants with letter and number flash cards,as well as educational tablet applications,__________.

Dr.Sardoza is interested in research on the organization and interpretation of what we see.Dr.Sardoza studies __________.

Brain growth is especially dramatic during __________,when the brain more than doubles in size.

When skeletal ages are examined at birth,__________.

Neurons __________.

The cortical regions with the most extended period of development are responsible for __________.

Rachel is concerned that she might accidentally suffocate her baby if she shares a bed with him.What information can you share with Rachel about precautions taken in cultures where cosleeping is widespread?

Synapses __________.

Which learning experiences should Cheryl,a caregiver,use to promote experience-expectant brain growth?

Which statement about motor development is true?

If learning has occurred in classical conditioning,and the neutral stimulus by itself produces a response similar to the reflexive response,the neutral stimulus is then called a __________.

__________ greatly influences the organization of the cerebral cortex.

Newborn Sam's __________ is nearer to its adult size than any other physical structure.

History, theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Newborn Farrah will probably look longer at human and animal faces than ones.