Question 1

A researcher who rejects a null hypothesis when in fact it is true:

Accepted Answer

A)  is committing a Type I error 
B)  is committing a Type II error 
C)  is committing neither a Type I nor Type II error 
D)  is typically sure that he has made an incorrect decision 
E)  none of the above 
A)  is committing a Type I error 
B)  is committing a Type II error 
C)  is committing neither a Type I nor Type II error 
D)  is typically sure that he has made an incorrect decision 
E)  none of the above A

Question 2

(Use the following information for the next four questions.)
A large clothing manufacturer plans to introduce a new line of sports clothes for women if preliminary market research shows that at least 50% of the population are favorably impressed by the new line. Five hundred women were surveyed; 265 of the women were favorably impressed. The research manager wants to test the hypothesis at the .05 significance level. The z-value associated with this significance level is 1.645.
-The calculated z-statistic for testing the hypothesis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  1.339 
B)  -1.339 
C)  0.977 
D)  -0.977 
E)  more information is needed 
A)  1.339 
B)  -1.339 
C)  0.977 
D)  -0.977 
E)  more information is needed A

Question 3

(Use the following information for the next four questions.)
A large clothing manufacturer plans to introduce a new line of sports clothes for women if preliminary market research shows that at least 50% of the population are favorably impressed by the new line. Five hundred women were surveyed; 265 of the women were favorably impressed. The research manager wants to test the hypothesis at the .05 significance level. The z-value associated with this significance level is 1.645.
-How many women from a sample of 500 must be favorably impressed with the new line in order to reject the null hypothesis at the specified significance level?

Accepted Answer

A)  250 
B)  251 
C)  249 
D)  269 
E)  268 
A)  250 
B)  251 
C)  249 
D)  269 
E)  268 D

Question 4

In an attempt to minimize error the researcher would like to keep a error as small as possible but he recognizes that an extremely low value of a error leads to .

Accepted Answer

A)  low b error 
B)  the need for large samples 
C)  large opportunity losses 
D)  indeterminate b errors 
E)  large b errors 
A)  low b error 
B)  the need for large samples 
C)  large opportunity losses 
D)  indeterminate b errors 
E)  large b errors

Question 5

You wish to test the hypothesis that female college students spend more on wearing apparel than male college students. Which of the following is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  The null and alternate hypotheses are:
Ho : mF $\le$ mM
HA : mF > mM 
B)  If you concluded that female students spend more than male students when in fact there is no difference between the two groups, you would be committing a Type II error. 
C)  The probability of concluding that females spend more than male students when in fact this is the case, is called the power of the test. 
D)  If in testing the above hypothesis, we insist on reducing the probability of making the Type I error, ceteris paribus the probability of Type II error will increase. 
E)  If we conclude that females spend less than males when in fact that is the case, we have made a correct decision. 
A)  The null and alternate hypotheses are:
Ho : mF $\le$ mM
HA : mF > mM 
B)  If you concluded that female students spend more than male students when in fact there is no difference between the two groups, you would be committing a Type II error. 
C)  The probability of concluding that females spend more than male students when in fact this is the case, is called the power of the test. 
D)  If in testing the above hypothesis, we insist on reducing the probability of making the Type I error, ceteris paribus the probability of Type II error will increase. 
E)  If we conclude that females spend less than males when in fact that is the case, we have made a correct decision.

Question 6

-In the above diagram which area shows the probability of making a Type I error?

Accepted Answer

A)  BC 
B)  BA 
C)  A 
D)  B 
E)  BD 
A)  BC 
B)  BA 
C)  A 
D)  B 
E)  BD

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  a error and b error are completely complementary in that a + b always equals one. 
B)  A Type I or $\alpha$ error occurs when a false null hypothesis is not rejected. 
C)  A Type II or ß error occurs when a true null hypothesis is rejected. 
D)  When it is said that the difference between two numbers (e.g., two means) is significant at the 5 percent level, it means there is only a 5% chance that the difference is the wrong amount. 
E)  All of the above statements are false. 
A)  a error and b error are completely complementary in that a + b always equals one. 
B)  A Type I or $\alpha$ error occurs when a false null hypothesis is not rejected. 
C)  A Type II or ß error occurs when a true null hypothesis is rejected. 
D)  When it is said that the difference between two numbers (e.g., two means) is significant at the 5 percent level, it means there is only a 5% chance that the difference is the wrong amount. 
E)  All of the above statements are false.

Question 8

Which of the following is typically, but which should not be necessarily, of greater concern to a researcher with regard to a test of a Hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) the power of the test 
B) the rejection of a true null hypothesis 
C) the failure to reject a false null hypothesis 
D) committing a Type II error 
E) none of the above 
A) the power of the test 
B) the rejection of a true null hypothesis 
C) the failure to reject a false null hypothesis 
D) committing a Type II error 
E) none of the above

Question 9

The power of statistical test refers to the probability of and is measured by .

Accepted Answer

A)  incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis; a 
B)  correctly accepting a correct null hypothesis; b 
C)  correctly accepting a correct null hypothesis; 1-b 
D)  correctly rejecting an incorrect null hypothesis; b 
E)  correctly rejecting an incorrect null hypothesis; 1-b 
A)  incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis; a 
B)  correctly accepting a correct null hypothesis; b 
C)  correctly accepting a correct null hypothesis; 1-b 
D)  correctly rejecting an incorrect null hypothesis; b 
E)  correctly rejecting an incorrect null hypothesis; 1-b

Question 10

In a two-tailed test to test the null hypothesis H0:$\mu$ = $\mu$c the p value would be designated by

Accepted Answer

A)  one minus the area between B and C 
B)  the area between A and C 
C)  the area to the left of C 
D)  twice the area to the left of C 
E)  none of the above 
A)  one minus the area between B and C 
B)  the area between A and C 
C)  the area to the left of C 
D)  twice the area to the left of C 
E)  none of the above

Question 11

The probability beta (ß) is

Accepted Answer

A)  the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis. 
B)  the probability of retaining a correct null hypothesis. 
C)  equal to one minus the confidence level. 
D)  equal to the power of the test. 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis. 
B)  the probability of retaining a correct null hypothesis. 
C)  equal to one minus the confidence level. 
D)  equal to the power of the test. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 12

A one-tailed test to test the null hypothesis Ho : m $\le$ mC where C is some specific constant, could be carried out by comparing the calculated z value with the area under the curve (in the graph below) designated by___ .

Accepted Answer

A)  C 
B)  B 
C)  A 
D)  AB 
E)  None of the above 
A)  C 
B)  B 
C)  A 
D)  AB 
E)  None of the above

Question 13

A p value of 0.01 means

Accepted Answer

A)  the odds are only 1 in 100 of getting the results simply by chance. 
B)  there is only a 1% chance that the results are incorrect. 
C)  there is a probability of 1 in 100 that this result would occur if the null hypotheses were true. 
D)  all of the above are true. 
E)  none of the above are true. 
A)  the odds are only 1 in 100 of getting the results simply by chance. 
B)  there is only a 1% chance that the results are incorrect. 
C)  there is a probability of 1 in 100 that this result would occur if the null hypotheses were true. 
D)  all of the above are true. 
E)  none of the above are true.

Question 14

The percentage of incorrect rejections of the null hypothesis which is expected to occur simply because of random variation in a large number of samples may be referred to as the .

Accepted Answer

A)  b risk 
B)  1-a risk 
C)  confidence level 
D)  1-b risk 
E)  a risk 
A)  b risk 
B)  1-a risk 
C)  confidence level 
D)  1-b risk 
E)  a risk

Question 15

The sample proportion is theoretically____distributed but when the sample size is large enough____may be used and the____may be appropriate.

Accepted Answer

A)  normally; the binomial approximation; runs test 
B)  binomially; the normal approximation; chi-square 
C)  normally; the binomial approximation; t-test 
D)  cumulatively; the normal approximation; z-test 
E)  binomially; the normal approximation; z-test 
A)  normally; the binomial approximation; runs test 
B)  binomially; the normal approximation; chi-square 
C)  normally; the binomial approximation; t-test 
D)  cumulatively; the normal approximation; z-test 
E)  binomially; the normal approximation; z-test

Question 16

In a test of consumers preference of two popular air freshners, the following hypotheses were stated:
H0: Proportion Preferring Brand A = 0.50
 Ha: Proportion Preferring Brand A $\neq$0.50
 Of 200 people tested, 49% preferred Brand A. At $\alpha$=0.05, which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The null hypothesis is accepted. 
B)  The null hypothesis is rejected. 
C)  Based on the evidence available, no support for the alternative hypothesis is found. 
D)  Based on the evidence available, the alternative hypothesis is supported. 
E)  More information is required to test these hypotheses. 
A)  The null hypothesis is accepted. 
B)  The null hypothesis is rejected. 
C)  Based on the evidence available, no support for the alternative hypothesis is found. 
D)  Based on the evidence available, the alternative hypothesis is supported. 
E)  More information is required to test these hypotheses.

Question 17

An important philosophical point underlying statistical hypothesis testing is that a null hypothesis may be ____ but can never be____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  accepted; rejected 
B)  incorrectly stated; rejected 
C)  rejected; accepted 
D)  unacceptable; rejected 
E)  rejected; unacceptable 
A)  accepted; rejected 
B)  incorrectly stated; rejected 
C)  rejected; accepted 
D)  unacceptable; rejected 
E)  rejected; unacceptable

Question 18

A firm will follow a particular advertising strategy if the resultant expected sales are at least 20,000 units. The correct hypotheses for this decision rule are: .

Accepted Answer

A) Ho : $\mu$ $\le$ 20,000 Ha : $\mu$ > 20,000 B) Ho : $\mu$$\ge$ 20,000 Ha : $\mu$ o : $\mu$ > 20,000 Ha : $\mu$ a : $\mu$ = 20,000 Ho : $\mu$ = 20,000 E) Ho : $\mu$ a : $\mu$< 20,000 A) Ho : $\mu$ $\le$ 20,000 Ha : $\mu$ > 20,000 B) Ho : $\mu$$\ge$ 20,000 Ha : $\mu$ o : $\mu$ > 20,000 Ha : $\mu$ a : $\mu$ = 20,000 Ho : $\mu$ = 20,000 E) Ho : $\mu$ a : $\mu$< 20,000

Question 19

The principle which guides the framing of a null hypothesis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  one either rejects or accepts the null hypothesis on the basis of the evidence at hand 
B)  a null hypothesis may be rejected but can never be accepted 
C)  one must always reject the null hypothesis unless the evidence is convincingly (determined by the a level) to the contrary 
D)  one must always accept the null hypothesis unless the evidence is convincingly (determined by the a level) to the contrary 
E)  there is no guiding scientific principle and the analyst should frame them as he or she sees fit 
A)  one either rejects or accepts the null hypothesis on the basis of the evidence at hand 
B)  a null hypothesis may be rejected but can never be accepted 
C)  one must always reject the null hypothesis unless the evidence is convincingly (determined by the a level) to the contrary 
D)  one must always accept the null hypothesis unless the evidence is convincingly (determined by the a level) to the contrary 
E)  there is no guiding scientific principle and the analyst should frame them as he or she sees fit

Question 20

-In the above diagram which area depicts the probability of making a Type II error?

Accepted Answer

A)  BC 
B)  BA 
C)  A 
D)  B 
E)  BD 
A)  BC 
B)  BA 
C)  A 
D)  B 
E)  BD

Exam 15: Appendix 15 A: Quick Stats Review

A researcher who rejects a null hypothesis when in fact it is true:

In an attempt to minimize error the researcher would like to keep a error as small as possible but he recognizes that an extremely low value of a error leads to .

You wish to test the hypothesis that female college students spend more on wearing apparel than male college students. Which of the following is INCORRECT?

-In the above diagram which area shows the probability of making a Type I error?

Which of the following is TRUE?

Which of the following is typically, but which should not be necessarily, of greater concern to a researcher with regard to a test of a Hypothesis?

The power of statistical test refers to the probability of and is measured by .

In a two-tailed test to test the null hypothesis H0: μ\muμ = μ\muμ c the p value would be designated by

The probability beta (ß) is

A one-tailed test to test the null hypothesis Ho : m ≤\le≤ mC where C is some specific constant, could be carried out by comparing the calculated z value with the area under the curve (in the graph below) designated by___ .

A p value of 0.01 means

The percentage of incorrect rejections of the null hypothesis which is expected to occur simply because of random variation in a large number of samples may be referred to as the .

The sample proportion is theoretically____distributed but when the sample size is large enough____may be used and the____may be appropriate.

In a test of consumers preference of two popular air freshners, the following hypotheses were stated: H0: Proportion Preferring Brand A = 0.50 Ha: Proportion Preferring Brand A ≠\neq= 0.50 Of 200 people tested, 49% preferred Brand A. At α\alphaα =0.05, which of the following is correct?

An important philosophical point underlying statistical hypothesis testing is that a null hypothesis may be ____ but can never be____ .

A firm will follow a particular advertising strategy if the resultant expected sales are at least 20,000 units. The correct hypotheses for this decision rule are: .

The principle which guides the framing of a null hypothesis is:

-In the above diagram which area depicts the probability of making a Type II error?

Marketing Research: Its Everywhere

Alternative Approaches to Marketing Intelligence

The Research Process and Problem Formulation

Research Design, Exploratory Research, and Qualitative Data

Descriptive Research

Causal Designs

Data Collection: Secondary Data

Data Collection: Primary Data

Questionnaires and Data Collection Forms

Attitude Measurement

Appendix 10: Psychological Measurement

Sampling Procedures

Sample Size

Collecting the Data: Field Procedures and Nonsampling Error

Data Analysis: Preliminary Steps

Appendix 14: Chi-Square Tests

Data Analysis: Basic Questions

Data Analysis: Examination of Differences

Appendix 16 A: Analysis of Variance

Data Analysis: Investigation of Association

Multivairate Data Analysis: Discriminant Analysis, Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Multidimensional Scaling

Appendix: More Multivariate Statistical Techniques

The Research Report

Filters

In a two-tailed test to test the null hypothesis H₀: $\mu$ = $\mu$ _c the p value would be designated by

The sample proportion is theoreticallydistributed but when the sample size is large enoughmay be used and themay be appropriate.

In a test of consumers preference of two popular air freshners, the following hypotheses were stated: H₀: Proportion Preferring Brand A = 0.50 H_a: Proportion Preferring Brand A $\neq$ 0.50 Of 200 people tested, 49% preferred Brand A. At $\alpha$ =0.05, which of the following is correct?

An important philosophical point underlying statistical hypothesis testing is that a null hypothesis may be but can never be .