Exam 6: Physiological Analysis-Nerve Cells and Behavior

A process that results in structural changes in synapses, such as changes in the size, shape, and number of dendritic spines and in glial cells, which produce growth factors is called

The myelin sheath

A barn owl (Tyto alba) can locate the source of the sounds of its prey within 1º or 2º in both the horizontal and vertical planes. This is largely due to

Habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia has been shown to be the result of

Neuromodulators are chemicals that alter neuronal activity. Their effects are generally

Muscles are often described as biological transducers. This means that they

Having received messages from hundreds or thousands of other neurons, a postsynaptic neuron will fire if

The refractory period, while brief, is a biologically significant phase of the signal transmission process because

When a neurotransmitter binds to the receptor on a postsynaptic neuron it may result in an EPSP which

Sensitization of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia, in contrast to habituation, has been shown to require

Goodson and colleagues (2005) hypothesized that the pattern of activity across the brain regions forming the social behavior network would vary in species of birds that differ in the typical size of their social group. When two species of waxbills were exposed to a same-sex conspecific, activity in the brain regions involved in social stress and dominance related behaviors

Chemicals whose effects are mediated by substances within a postsynaptic neuron called second messengers, such as calcium or cAMP, are known as

When the neuromodulator protolin is administered to a male blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) at the same time that interneurons that trigger leg waving are being stimulated, the motor output assumes

The anatomical feature of the barn owl (Tyto alba) that has been demonstrated both to amplify sound and make the ear more sensitive to sound from certain directions is its

Occasionally one sees a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) that shakes its legs, wings, or abdomen under ether anesthesia. This behavior is caused by a mutation that results in

Breaking the neurotransmitter down with an enzyme so that its component parts can be absorbed for resynthesis, or molecules of the neurotransmitter being released intact from the postsynaptic cell so that it can absorbed and repackaged are ways to

It is the job of an animal's sensory system to

A particular motor movement, or behavior, might ultimately be controlled and coordinated by

There are two general hypotheses for the neural basis of rhythmic behavior such as locust flight, the peripheral-control hypothesis and the central pattern generator hypothesis. The removal of sensory input from mechanoreceptors on the wings of locusts to their central nervous system resulted in

While Newman (1999) originally suggested that mammalian social behaviors, such as aggression, sexual behavior, social recognition, and response to stress, is controlled by six regions, or nodes, of the brain, Goodson (2005) proposed that this social network can be found in the brain of all vertebrates. Which of the following statements regarding the social network is TRUE?