Question 1

mRNA differs structurally from DNA in three ways. One of them is that in mRNA thymine must pair with

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine. 
B)  cytosine. 
C)  guanine. 
D)  uracil. 
A)  adenine. 
B)  cytosine. 
C)  guanine. 
D)  uracil. D

Question 2

Demonstrating that a behavior has a genetic basis can be accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A)  rearing different inbred strains under different conditions. 
B)  rearing different inbred strains under identical conditions. 
C)  rearing individuals of the same inbred strains underdifferentconditions. 
D)  rearing individuals of the same inbred strains under identical conditions. 
A)  rearing different inbred strains under different conditions. 
B)  rearing different inbred strains under identical conditions. 
C)  rearing individuals of the same inbred strains underdifferentconditions. 
D)  rearing individuals of the same inbred strains under identical conditions. B

Question 3

The nomination of a candidate gene is usually based on all EXCEPT which of the following techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  a search of the literature for genes known to be involved in producing a behavior similar to the one in question 
B)  a comparison of the sequence of the gene to the sequences of genes in another organism 
C)  a systematic examination of single genes until one scores a "hit" 
D)  Any of the above are commonly used. 
A)  a search of the literature for genes known to be involved in producing a behavior similar to the one in question 
B)  a comparison of the sequence of the gene to the sequences of genes in another organism 
C)  a systematic examination of single genes until one scores a "hit" 
D)  Any of the above are commonly used. C

Question 4

Social recognition between female mice depends on the protein products of four genes. Research by Choleris and colleagues (2004) demonstrated that in any single group of knockout mice in which one of the four components was lacking

Accepted Answer

A)  the mutant mice couldn't distinguish a familiar mouse from a stranger. 
B)  the mutant mice refused to leave their nest without a familiar companion. 
C)  the strength of the social bond was weakened by a factor of almost exactly 25%. 
D)  the strength of the social bond was unchanged. 
A)  the mutant mice couldn't distinguish a familiar mouse from a stranger. 
B)  the mutant mice refused to leave their nest without a familiar companion. 
C)  the strength of the social bond was weakened by a factor of almost exactly 25%. 
D)  the strength of the social bond was unchanged.

Question 5

Alternative forms of a gene are called

Accepted Answer

A)  alleles. 
B)  diploids. 
C)  heterozygotes. 
D)  homozygotes. 
A)  alleles. 
B)  diploids. 
C)  heterozygotes. 
D)  homozygotes.

Question 6

DNA methylation patterns can be affected by environmental factors, cause disease, be transmitted through generations and, potentially, influence evolution. This is illustrated by findings that when male rat embryos are exposed to the fungicide vinclozolin, they later

Accepted Answer

A)  are the preferred mating partners by female rats, whether or not the females have been exposed to vinclozolin themselves. 
B)  experience a reduced risk of adult onset diseases. 
C)  have disrupted endocrine systems. 
D)  show higher fertility rates than unexposed males. 
A)  are the preferred mating partners by female rats, whether or not the females have been exposed to vinclozolin themselves. 
B)  experience a reduced risk of adult onset diseases. 
C)  have disrupted endocrine systems. 
D)  show higher fertility rates than unexposed males.

Question 7

Regulatory genes

Accepted Answer

A)  are activated only in certain mutants. 
B)  are located in only a few of an animal's body cells. 
C)  determine when and where a protein will be produced. 
D)  have a less widespread effect than do structural genes. 
A)  are activated only in certain mutants. 
B)  are located in only a few of an animal's body cells. 
C)  determine when and where a protein will be produced. 
D)  have a less widespread effect than do structural genes.

Question 8

Differences in, for example, behavior traits and hunting skills in different breeds of dogs have been produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial selection. 
B)  cross-fostering. 
C)  hybridization. 
D)  mosaic analysis. 
A)  artificial selection. 
B)  cross-fostering. 
C)  hybridization. 
D)  mosaic analysis.

Question 9

By the end of the first week of life, the promoter of a glucocorticoid receptor in the pups of neglectful rat mothers was more methylated than the same gene in pups of nurturing mothers. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  pups of neglectful and nurturing mothers had some differences in the structures of their chromosomes that occurred after birth. 
B)  the pups of the neglectful mothers displayed a lessened response to stressful stimuli. 
C)  the pups of the neglectful mothers possessed more glucocorticoid receptors than the pups of nurturing mothers. 
D)  all of the above occurred. 
A)  pups of neglectful and nurturing mothers had some differences in the structures of their chromosomes that occurred after birth. 
B)  the pups of the neglectful mothers displayed a lessened response to stressful stimuli. 
C)  the pups of the neglectful mothers possessed more glucocorticoid receptors than the pups of nurturing mothers. 
D)  all of the above occurred.

Question 10

A way to determine whether maternal influences on offspring occur before or after birth is to

Accepted Answer

A)  be sure that all offspring are heterozygous for the traits being studied. 
B)  conduct a reciprocal cross. 
C)  cross-foster the offspring. 
D)  hold the environments of the mothers constant. 
A)  be sure that all offspring are heterozygous for the traits being studied. 
B)  conduct a reciprocal cross. 
C)  cross-foster the offspring. 
D)  hold the environments of the mothers constant.

Question 11

How quickly do immediate early genes become active once a nerve cell has responded to an appropriate stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  milliseconds 
B)  minutes to hours 
C)  one day 
D)  one week 
A)  milliseconds 
B)  minutes to hours 
C)  one day 
D)  one week

Question 12

Levels of zenk mRNA in male zebra finches FAILED to increase when the subject male was

Accepted Answer

A)  first exposed to the recorded song of another male zebra finch. 
B)  exposed to a second, unfamiliar male zebra finch. 
C)  with repeated exposures to the recorded song of the other zebra finch. 
D)  In all of the above cases. (Recorded song doesn't stimulate zenk activity.) 
A)  first exposed to the recorded song of another male zebra finch. 
B)  exposed to a second, unfamiliar male zebra finch. 
C)  with repeated exposures to the recorded song of the other zebra finch. 
D)  In all of the above cases. (Recorded song doesn't stimulate zenk activity.)

Question 13

If you were interested primarily in studying patterns of gene activity at different developmental stages, you would probably be described as doing work in

Accepted Answer

A)  comparative genomics. 
B)  functional genomics. 
C)  heritability. 
D)  proteomics. 
A)  comparative genomics. 
B)  functional genomics. 
C)  heritability. 
D)  proteomics.

Question 14

mRNA must

Accepted Answer

A)  be edited before it leaves the nucleus. 
B)  be joined by other segments of mRNA before it leaves the nucleus. 
C)  unzip before a protein can be formed. 
D)  zip itself into a single strand. 
A)  be edited before it leaves the nucleus. 
B)  be joined by other segments of mRNA before it leaves the nucleus. 
C)  unzip before a protein can be formed. 
D)  zip itself into a single strand.

Question 15

Inbred lines are useful in separating the effects of genes from those of the environment by creating a population that

Accepted Answer

A)  has a heritability index of almost exactly .50. 
B)  is homozygous for almost all of its genes. 
C)  is heterozygous for almost all of its genes. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  has a heritability index of almost exactly .50. 
B)  is homozygous for almost all of its genes. 
C)  is heterozygous for almost all of its genes. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A regulatory protein may modify the activity of other genes. 
B)  Genes direct the synthesis of proteins. 
C)  Proteins may be either structural or regulatory. 
D)  There is a one-to-one correspondence between genes and behavior. 
A)  A regulatory protein may modify the activity of other genes. 
B)  Genes direct the synthesis of proteins. 
C)  Proteins may be either structural or regulatory. 
D)  There is a one-to-one correspondence between genes and behavior.

Question 17

Fruit flies (D. melanogaster) carrying the dunce mutation are extremely poor at olfactory learning. This is because the dunce mutation

Accepted Answer

A)  causes them to fixate on a particular odor for up to 8 days. 
B)  interferes with the early stages of memory formation. 
C)  interferes with their ability to sense an aversive stimulus, such as electric shock. 
D)  produces defects in the olfactory sensory system. 
A)  causes them to fixate on a particular odor for up to 8 days. 
B)  interferes with the early stages of memory formation. 
C)  interferes with their ability to sense an aversive stimulus, such as electric shock. 
D)  produces defects in the olfactory sensory system.

Question 18

A region of DNA associated with a particular quantitative trait is called a quantitative trait locus (QTL). Which of the following statements about QTL analysis is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are usually only a small number of QTLs associated with any complex behavior. 
B)  A goal of QTL research is to identify the many genes underlying a trait and the extent to which each of them alters the trait. 
C)  Once a QTL has been identified, that region of DNA can be sequenced and compared to a database of DNA containing genes whose functions are known. 
D)  QTL analysis can help to identify candidate genes. 
A)  There are usually only a small number of QTLs associated with any complex behavior. 
B)  A goal of QTL research is to identify the many genes underlying a trait and the extent to which each of them alters the trait. 
C)  Once a QTL has been identified, that region of DNA can be sequenced and compared to a database of DNA containing genes whose functions are known. 
D)  QTL analysis can help to identify candidate genes.

Question 19

Heritability is a measure that suggests how strongly a behavior is influenced by genes. Heritability

Accepted Answer

A)  is a remarkably sensitive measure that requires only a small number of subjects. 
B)  is a ratio of variability caused by genetic differences to the total variability in a trait. 
C)  is a way to count the number of genes that control a particular behavior. 
D)  results in a value that may range from -10 to +10. 
A)  is a remarkably sensitive measure that requires only a small number of subjects. 
B)  is a ratio of variability caused by genetic differences to the total variability in a trait. 
C)  is a way to count the number of genes that control a particular behavior. 
D)  results in a value that may range from -10 to +10.

Question 20

A number of studies on the fruit fly, D. melanogaster, have indicated that cAMP plays an important role in the flies' ability to learn, by looking at the behavior of dunce flies and of rutabaga flies. Dunce flies and rutabaga flies were the result of which of the following methodologies?

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial selection studies 
B)  comparisons of inbred strains 
C)  finding natural variants and looking for genetic differences 
D)  inducing mutations and screening for changes in behavior 
A)  artificial selection studies 
B)  comparisons of inbred strains 
C)  finding natural variants and looking for genetic differences 
D)  inducing mutations and screening for changes in behavior

mRNA differs structurally from DNA in three ways. One of them is that in mRNA thymine must pair with

Demonstrating that a behavior has a genetic basis can be accomplished by

The nomination of a candidate gene is usually based on all EXCEPT which of the following techniques?

Social recognition between female mice depends on the protein products of four genes. Research by Choleris and colleagues (2004) demonstrated that in any single group of knockout mice in which one of the four components was lacking

Alternative forms of a gene are called

DNA methylation patterns can be affected by environmental factors, cause disease, be transmitted through generations and, potentially, influence evolution. This is illustrated by findings that when male rat embryos are exposed to the fungicide vinclozolin, they later

Regulatory genes

Differences in, for example, behavior traits and hunting skills in different breeds of dogs have been produced by

By the end of the first week of life, the promoter of a glucocorticoid receptor in the pups of neglectful rat mothers was more methylated than the same gene in pups of nurturing mothers. This means that

A way to determine whether maternal influences on offspring occur before or after birth is to

How quickly do immediate early genes become active once a nerve cell has responded to an appropriate stimulus?

Levels of zenk mRNA in male zebra finches FAILED to increase when the subject male was

If you were interested primarily in studying patterns of gene activity at different developmental stages, you would probably be described as doing work in

mRNA must

Inbred lines are useful in separating the effects of genes from those of the environment by creating a population that

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Fruit flies (D. melanogaster) carrying the dunce mutation are extremely poor at olfactory learning. This is because the dunce mutation

A region of DNA associated with a particular quantitative trait is called a quantitative trait locus (QTL). Which of the following statements about QTL analysis is FALSE?

Heritability is a measure that suggests how strongly a behavior is influenced by genes. Heritability

A number of studies on the fruit fly, D. melanogaster, have indicated that cAMP plays an important role in the flies' ability to learn, by looking at the behavior of dunce flies and of rutabaga flies. Dunce flies and rutabaga flies were the result of which of the following methodologies?

Introduction

Approaches to the Study of Animal Behavior

Natural Selection and Behavior

Learning and Cognition

Physiological Analysis-Nerve Cells and Behavior

Physiological Analysis of Behavior- the Endocrine System

The Development of Behavior

Biological Clocks

Mechanisms of Orientation and Behavior

The Ecology and Evolution of Spiral Distribution

Foraging Behavior

Antipredator Behavior

Reproductive Behavior

Parental Care and Mating Systems

Communications: Channels and Functions

The Evolution of Communication

Conflict

Group Living, Altruism, and Cooperation

Filters

Exam 3: Genetic Analysis of Behavior

mRNA differs structurally from DNA in three ways. One of them is that in mRNA thymine must pair with

Demonstrating that a behavior has a genetic basis can be accomplished by

The nomination of a candidate gene is usually based on all EXCEPT which of the following techniques?

Social recognition between female mice depends on the protein products of four genes. Research by Choleris and colleagues (2004) demonstrated that in any single group of knockout mice in which one of the four components was lacking

Alternative forms of a gene are called

DNA methylation patterns can be affected by environmental factors, cause disease, be transmitted through generations and, potentially, influence evolution. This is illustrated by findings that when male rat embryos are exposed to the fungicide vinclozolin, they later

Regulatory genes

Differences in, for example, behavior traits and hunting skills in different breeds of dogs have been produced by

By the end of the first week of life, the promoter of a glucocorticoid receptor in the pups of neglectful rat mothers was more methylated than the same gene in pups of nurturing mothers. This means that

A way to determine whether maternal influences on offspring occur before or after birth is to

How quickly do immediate early genes become active once a nerve cell has responded to an appropriate stimulus?

Levels of zenk mRNA in male zebra finches FAILED to increase when the subject male was

If you were interested primarily in studying patterns of gene activity at different developmental stages, you would probably be described as doing work in

mRNA must

Inbred lines are useful in separating the effects of genes from those of the environment by creating a population that

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Fruit flies (D. melanogaster) carrying the dunce mutation are extremely poor at olfactory learning. This is because the dunce mutation

A region of DNA associated with a particular quantitative trait is called a quantitative trait locus (QTL). Which of the following statements about QTL analysis is FALSE?

Heritability is a measure that suggests how strongly a behavior is influenced by genes. Heritability

A number of studies on the fruit fly, D. melanogaster, have indicated that cAMP plays an important role in the flies' ability to learn, by looking at the behavior of dunce flies and of rutabaga flies. Dunce flies and rutabaga flies were the result of which of the following methodologies?

Introduction

Approaches to the Study of Animal Behavior

Natural Selection and Behavior

Learning and Cognition

Physiological Analysis-Nerve Cells and Behavior

Physiological Analysis of Behavior- the Endocrine System

The Development of Behavior

Biological Clocks

Mechanisms of Orientation and Behavior

The Ecology and Evolution of Spiral Distribution

Foraging Behavior

Antipredator Behavior

Reproductive Behavior

Parental Care and Mating Systems

Communications: Channels and Functions

The Evolution of Communication

Conflict

Group Living, Altruism, and Cooperation

Filters