Exam 8: The Action Arrow That Permeates the Entire Helping Process: Right From the Beginning Help Clients Turn Talk Into Life-Enhancing Action

Clyde is a therapist who uses a behaviorist model of counseling. He helps his clients identify antecedents, that is, things right before that make a behavior more likely to occur; and positive reinforcements, that is, things right after a behavior that make it more likely to recur. Then Clyde and his clients work together on arranging antecedents and positive reinforcements in their environments to promote desired behaviors. Which of the following ways from your text of helping clients move to action does this most resemble?

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Question 1

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Egan points out that most clients ultimately need to continue their lives without a helper. What is the shadow side of helping related to this observation? What personality characteristics do you think might allow you as a helper to maintain a helping relationship beyond its usefulness? What things can you think of that you could do to correct this?

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Question 2

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The shadow side of helping related to Egan's observation is the potential for dependency to develop in the client. If the client becomes too reliant on the helper, they may struggle to continue their lives without outside assistance. This can hinder their personal growth and self-reliance.

As a helper, personality characteristics that might allow me to maintain a helping relationship beyond its usefulness include empathy, patience, and a strong sense of boundaries. It's important to be able to empathize with the client's struggles, but also to set clear boundaries to prevent dependency from developing.

To correct this, I can focus on building the client's independence and self-reliance. This might involve gradually reducing the frequency of our sessions, encouraging the client to take on more responsibility for their own actions and decisions, and providing them with resources and support to help them continue their lives without constant assistance. Additionally, I can work on developing my own self-awareness and ability to recognize when a helping relationship has become stagnant or counterproductive, and take steps to address this.

Regarding your text's discussion of the relationship of resilience to posttraumatic growth, which of the following is most accurate?

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Question 3

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Your textbook cites the work of Holaday and McPhearson (1997), who distinguish between outcome resilience and process resilience in this chapter. This chapter also defines decisional self-control and protracted self-control, and the distinction between them. To draw an analogy, how do these two pairs relate?

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Question 4

Review the "Unhelpful Responses to Reluctance and Resistance" that helpers may make in your textbook. Select two of the ten responses that you think you would be most likely to make as a helper. Then review the list of helpers' self-defeating attitudes and assumptions below that. Select two of the seven attitudes/assumptions that you think you would be most likely to have as a helper. Now review the section that follows on productive approaches to dealing with reluctance and resistance. Select three or four of the ten approaches that you think you would be most successful at adopting. In your essay answer, identify the unhelpful responses and self-defeating attitudes/assumptions you selected. Then identify the approaches you selected, and explain how you could use these to overcome the errors inherent in the unhelpful responses and self-defeating attitudes/assumptions you selected.

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Question 5

According to your text, which is an accurate observation about implementation intentions?

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Question 6

Which of the following does Egan identify as an unhelpful behavior that helpers should avoid in dealing with client reluctance and resistance?

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Question 7

Some clients come to understand themselves and their behavior better and realize what they would need to do to change, but they find the price too high. According to Egan, which of the following is not a way that helpers should respond to this?

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Question 8

Egan discusses several of the "endless" ways we avoid taking responsibility including passivity, learned helplessness, disabling self-talk, getting trapped in vicious circles, and disorganization. Into which category of obstacles to action does he place these?

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Question 9

Your text cites some common beliefs that make some people reluctant to seek or accept help initially, and that make some clients reluctant to engage in the work required by the helping process. Which of the following statements does not illustrate one or more of these beliefs?

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Question 10

An injured patient says he wanted to give up, but his wife "made me get out of the hospital bed and learn to walk again." This is the best example of which factor contributing to resilience?

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Question 11

Egan cites Driscoll's (1984, pp. 91-97) discussion of passive clients and what happens when helpers respond with a passivity of their own. Which of the following is not accurate about this?

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Question 12

Select 2 of the 13 ways of helping clients move to life-enhancing action that you could pair as therapeutic techniques. See examples below. Describe an example of a client and a problem, and how you as a helper would combine these two ways to help this client. EXAMPLES OF PAIRS: • Helping a client overcome procrastination by helping the client identify unused resources that facilitate an action • Helping a client discover incentives and rewards for action that are meaningful/valuable to the client, and then helping the client develop an action-focused self-contract incorporating those incentives and rewards • Helping a client find and utilize action-focused social support, and then helping the client find people within these support systems who are willing to challenge the client to act

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Question 13

Review the factors contributing to resilience. Think of one person you have ever known who demonstrated one of these factors. Identify the factor and explain how this person demonstrated it and how it enabled the person to be resilient. Think of someone you have known who demonstrated a lack of one of these factors. Identify the factor and explain how this person demonstrated a lack of it and how this lack made the person less resilient. Now identify a different factor contributing to resilience that you feel you demonstrate. What is it? How has it enabled you to bounce back? Give an example. Finally, identify one factor contributing to resilience that you feel you do not demonstrate as much. What is it? How has it ever interfered with your ability to bounce back?

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Question 14

Differentially define reluctance and resistance. What are some motivations for client reluctance? What are some different motivations for client resistance? What are some motivations that can overlap for both reluctance and resistance?

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Question 15

Among the examples of reasons that Egan gives for reluctance and resistance regarding counseling, which of the following is a primary reason for resistance?

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Question 16

In Egan's discussion of helping clients manage without a helper, which of the following most accurately reflects a client approach to therapy that he finds acceptable?

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Question 17

Rebecca wanted to lighten next semester's course load by taking an evening course this semester, but she could not afford to prepay the tuition as the university required. Then she looked online and found the course available at her local community college with lower tuition for area residents. In this example, Rebecca's plan to take the evening course was___; the university's prepayment requirement was_; her adjusting her original plan was _; and her finding the course more affordably elsewhere was ___.

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Question 18

Which of the following best identifies the importance of the action arrow?

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Question 19

What is the key difference between decisional self-control and protracted self-control?

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Question 20

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Regarding your text's discussion of the relationship of resilience to posttraumatic growth, which of the following is most accurate?

According to your text, which is an accurate observation about implementation intentions?

Which of the following does Egan identify as an unhelpful behavior that helpers should avoid in dealing with client reluctance and resistance?

Some clients come to understand themselves and their behavior better and realize what they would need to do to change, but they find the price too high. According to Egan, which of the following is not a way that helpers should respond to this?

Egan discusses several of the "endless" ways we avoid taking responsibility including passivity, learned helplessness, disabling self-talk, getting trapped in vicious circles, and disorganization. Into which category of obstacles to action does he place these?

Your text cites some common beliefs that make some people reluctant to seek or accept help initially, and that make some clients reluctant to engage in the work required by the helping process. Which of the following statements does not illustrate one or more of these beliefs?

An injured patient says he wanted to give up, but his wife "made me get out of the hospital bed and learn to walk again." This is the best example of which factor contributing to resilience?

Egan cites Driscoll's (1984, pp. 91-97) discussion of passive clients and what happens when helpers respond with a passivity of their own. Which of the following is not accurate about this?

Differentially define reluctance and resistance. What are some motivations for client reluctance? What are some different motivations for client resistance? What are some motivations that can overlap for both reluctance and resistance?

Among the examples of reasons that Egan gives for reluctance and resistance regarding counseling, which of the following is a primary reason for resistance?

In Egan's discussion of helping clients manage without a helper, which of the following most accurately reflects a client approach to therapy that he finds acceptable?

Which of the following best identifies the importance of the action arrow?

What is the key difference between decisional self-control and protracted self-control?

The Power of Basics: Explore the Ingredients of Successful Helping

Review the Problem-Management and Opportunity-Development Process

Commit Yourself to the Helping Relationship and the Values That Drive It

Therapeutic Presence: Tune in to Clients and Listen Carefully

Empathic Responding: Work at Mutual Understanding

Master the Art of Probing and Summarizing

Help Clients Challenge Themselves: From New Perspectives to New Behavior

The Three Tasks of Stage I: Help Clients Tell the Story, the Real Story, and the Right Story

Stage Ii: Help Clients Design and Set Problem-Managing Goals

Stage Iii: Help Clients Design the Way Forward

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