Question 1

Explain when each of the correlation coefficients listed below should be used.
-• Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient

Accepted Answer

This should be used when both variables are interval or ratio in scale.

Question 2

Explain when each of the correlation coefficients listed below should be used.
-• Point-biserial correlation coefficient

Accepted Answer

This should be used when one variable is interval or ratio and one variable is nominal.

Question 3

In a recent study, it was found that the correlation between self-esteem and depression was -64. Explain what this means.

Accepted Answer

This is a moderately strong negative correlation which shows those with low self-esteem tend to be more depressed, whereas those with higher self-esteem tend to be less depressed. We cannot say the relationship is causal.

Question 4

The first step in the calculation of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  determine the z score for each score on each variable. 
B)  determine the cross-products of the z scores. 
C)  multiply the z score for variable X by the z score for variable Y. 
D)  divide the cross-products by N. 
A)  determine the z score for each score on each variable. 
B)  determine the cross-products of the z scores. 
C)  multiply the z score for variable X by the z score for variable Y. 
D)  divide the cross-products by N.

Question 5

The correlation between two nominal variables is measured using the _____ coefficient, and the correlation between two ordinal variables is measured using the _____ coefficient.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson product-moment correlation; Spearman rank-order correlation 
B)  Spearman rank-order correlation; Pearson product-moment correlation 
C)  phi; Spearman rank-order correlation 
D)  point-biserial correlation; Spearman rank-order correlation 
A)  Pearson product-moment correlation; Spearman rank-order correlation 
B)  Spearman rank-order correlation; Pearson product-moment correlation 
C)  phi; Spearman rank-order correlation 
D)  point-biserial correlation; Spearman rank-order correlation

Question 6

A correlation between one interval/ratio variable and one ordinal variable is measured using the _____ coefficient, and the correlation between one interval/ratio variable and one nominal variable is measured using the _____ coefficient.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson product-moment correlation; Spearman rank-order correlation 
B)  Spearman rank-order correlation; point-biserial correlation 
C)  phi; Spearman rank-order correlation 
D)  Pearson product-moment correlation; point-biserial correlation 
A)  Pearson product-moment correlation; Spearman rank-order correlation 
B)  Spearman rank-order correlation; point-biserial correlation 
C)  phi; Spearman rank-order correlation 
D)  Pearson product-moment correlation; point-biserial correlation

Question 7

The _____ correlation coefficient is used when both variables are measured on a(n) _____ scale of measurement.

Accepted Answer

A)  Spearman; interval 
B)  Pearson; interval/ratio 
C)  phi; ordinal 
D)  point-biserial; ratio 
A)  Spearman; interval 
B)  Pearson; interval/ratio 
C)  phi; ordinal 
D)  point-biserial; ratio

Question 8

When determining the cross-products for your correlation coefficient, if positive z scores on one variable go with negative z scores on the other variable and negative z scores on one variable go with positive z scores on the other variable, then the correlation coefficient will be:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative. 
B)  strong. 
C)  weak. 
D)  positive. 
A)  negative. 
B)  strong. 
C)  weak. 
D)  positive.

Question 9

Calculate the Pearson product-moment correlation for the data given below.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Calculate the Pearson product-moment correlation for the...

Question 10

To calculate the coefficient of determination, we:

Accepted Answer

A)  square the correlation coefficient. 
B)  take the square root of the correlation coefficient. 
C)  multiply the correlation coefficient by 2. 
D)  divide the correlation coefficient by 2. 
A)  square the correlation coefficient. 
B)  take the square root of the correlation coefficient. 
C)  multiply the correlation coefficient by 2. 
D)  divide the correlation coefficient by 2.

Question 11

When determining the cross-products for your correlation coefficient, if positive z scores on one variable go with positive z scores on the other variable and negative z scores on one variable go with negative z scores on the other variable, then the correlation coefficient will be:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative. 
B)  strong. 
C)  weak. 
D)  positive. 
A)  negative. 
B)  strong. 
C)  weak. 
D)  positive.

Question 12

Kiera is interested is assessing the degree of relationship between whether or not students belong to a fraternity or sorority and the number of hours they spend volunteering each week. Kiera should use the _____ correlation coefficient to assess this relationship.

Accepted Answer

A)  partial 
B)  point-biserial 
C)  phi 
D)  Pearson product-moment 
A)  partial 
B)  point-biserial 
C)  phi 
D)  Pearson product-moment

Question 13

Explain when each of the correlation coefficients listed below should be used.
-• Phi coefficient

Accepted Answer

This should be used

Question 14

A correlation coefficient of _____ indicates that the variables form a perfect linear relationship.

Accepted Answer

A)  +1.00 
B)  -1.00 
C)  0.00 
D)  +1.00 and -1.00 
A)  +1.00 
B)  -1.00 
C)  0.00 
D)  +1.00 and -1.00

Question 15

Suppose that the correlation between weight and the number of hours spent working out per week is +.84. What proportion (or percent) of the variability in weight is accounted for by the relationship with the number of hours spent working out?

Accepted Answer

A)  91% 
B)  71% 
C)  42% 
D)  Cannot be determined 
A)  91% 
B)  71% 
C)  42% 
D)  Cannot be determined

Question 16

Juanita is interested is assessing the degree of relationship between weight and how many hours individuals spend working out each week. Juanita should use the _____ correlation coefficient to assess this relationship.

Accepted Answer

A)  Spearman rank-order 
B)  point-biserial 
C)  phi 
D)  Pearson product-moment 
A)  Spearman rank-order 
B)  point-biserial 
C)  phi 
D)  Pearson product-moment

Question 17

A correlation between two interval/ratio variables is measured using the _____ coefficient, and a correlation between two nominal variables is measured using the _____ coefficient.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson product-moment correlation; phi coefficient 
B)  Spearman rank-order correlation; Pearson product-moment correlation 
C)  phi; Spearman rank-order correlation 
D)  Pearson product-moment correlation; point-biserial correlation 
A)  Pearson product-moment correlation; phi coefficient 
B)  Spearman rank-order correlation; Pearson product-moment correlation 
C)  phi; Spearman rank-order correlation 
D)  Pearson product-moment correlation; point-biserial correlation

Question 18

When a correlation is observed between two variables, this allows us to:

Accepted Answer

A)  describe a relationship between variables. 
B)  predict from one variable to another. 
C)  determine that one variable causes changes in the other. 
D)  both describe relationships and predict from one variable to another. 
A)  describe a relationship between variables. 
B)  predict from one variable to another. 
C)  determine that one variable causes changes in the other. 
D)  both describe relationships and predict from one variable to another.

Question 19

Which of the following indicates the magnitude of a correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slope 
B)  Sign 
C)  Absolute value 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Slope 
B)  Sign 
C)  Absolute value 
D)  None of the above

Question 20

Explain when each of the correlation coefficients listed below should be used.
-• Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient

Accepted Answer

This should be used

Explain when each of the correlation coefficients listed below should be used. -• Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient

Explain when each of the correlation coefficients listed below should be used. -• Point-biserial correlation coefficient

In a recent study, it was found that the correlation between self-esteem and depression was -64. Explain what this means.

The first step in the calculation of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is to:

The correlation between two nominal variables is measured using the _ coefficient, and the correlation between two ordinal variables is measured using the _ coefficient.

A correlation between one interval/ratio variable and one ordinal variable is measured using the _ coefficient, and the correlation between one interval/ratio variable and one nominal variable is measured using the _ coefficient.

The _ correlation coefficient is used when both variables are measured on a(n) _ scale of measurement.

When determining the cross-products for your correlation coefficient, if positive z scores on one variable go with negative z scores on the other variable and negative z scores on one variable go with positive z scores on the other variable, then the correlation coefficient will be:

Calculate the Pearson product-moment correlation for the data given below.

To calculate the coefficient of determination, we:

When determining the cross-products for your correlation coefficient, if positive z scores on one variable go with positive z scores on the other variable and negative z scores on one variable go with negative z scores on the other variable, then the correlation coefficient will be:

Kiera is interested is assessing the degree of relationship between whether or not students belong to a fraternity or sorority and the number of hours they spend volunteering each week. Kiera should use the _____ correlation coefficient to assess this relationship.

Explain when each of the correlation coefficients listed below should be used. -• Phi coefficient

A correlation coefficient of _____ indicates that the variables form a perfect linear relationship.

Suppose that the correlation between weight and the number of hours spent working out per week is +.84. What proportion (or percent) of the variability in weight is accounted for by the relationship with the number of hours spent working out?

Juanita is interested is assessing the degree of relationship between weight and how many hours individuals spend working out each week. Juanita should use the _____ correlation coefficient to assess this relationship.

A correlation between two interval/ratio variables is measured using the _ coefficient, and a correlation between two nominal variables is measured using the _ coefficient.

When a correlation is observed between two variables, this allows us to:

Which of the following indicates the magnitude of a correlation coefficient?

Explain when each of the correlation coefficients listed below should be used. -• Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient

Science and Statistics

Organizing Data, Variables and Measurement

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Variation

Standard Scores Z Scores

Probability, Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

The Single-Sample Z Test

The Single-Sample T Test

The T Test for Independent Groups Samples

T Test for Correlated Groups Samples

Comparing More Than Two Groups

One-Way Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance Anova

One-Way Repeated Measures Anova

Using Designs With More Than One Independent Variable and Two-Way Between-Subjects Anova

Advanced Correlational Techniques: Regression Analysis

Chi-Square Tests

Tests for Ordinal Data

Filters

Exam 15: Correlational Research and Correlation Coefficients

Explain when each of the correlation coefficients listed below should be used. -• Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient

Explain when each of the correlation coefficients listed below should be used. -• Point-biserial correlation coefficient

In a recent study, it was found that the correlation between self-esteem and depression was -64. Explain what this means.

The first step in the calculation of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is to:

The correlation between two nominal variables is measured using the _____ coefficient, and the correlation between two ordinal variables is measured using the _____ coefficient.

A correlation between one interval/ratio variable and one ordinal variable is measured using the _____ coefficient, and the correlation between one interval/ratio variable and one nominal variable is measured using the _____ coefficient.

The _____ correlation coefficient is used when both variables are measured on a(n) _____ scale of measurement.

When determining the cross-products for your correlation coefficient, if positive z scores on one variable go with negative z scores on the other variable and negative z scores on one variable go with positive z scores on the other variable, then the correlation coefficient will be:

Calculate the Pearson product-moment correlation for the data given below.

To calculate the coefficient of determination, we:

When determining the cross-products for your correlation coefficient, if positive z scores on one variable go with positive z scores on the other variable and negative z scores on one variable go with negative z scores on the other variable, then the correlation coefficient will be:

Kiera is interested is assessing the degree of relationship between whether or not students belong to a fraternity or sorority and the number of hours they spend volunteering each week. Kiera should use the _____ correlation coefficient to assess this relationship.

Explain when each of the correlation coefficients listed below should be used. -• Phi coefficient

A correlation coefficient of _____ indicates that the variables form a perfect linear relationship.

Suppose that the correlation between weight and the number of hours spent working out per week is +.84. What proportion (or percent) of the variability in weight is accounted for by the relationship with the number of hours spent working out?

Juanita is interested is assessing the degree of relationship between weight and how many hours individuals spend working out each week. Juanita should use the _____ correlation coefficient to assess this relationship.

A correlation between two interval/ratio variables is measured using the _____ coefficient, and a correlation between two nominal variables is measured using the _____ coefficient.

When a correlation is observed between two variables, this allows us to:

Which of the following indicates the magnitude of a correlation coefficient?

Explain when each of the correlation coefficients listed below should be used. -• Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient

Science and Statistics

Organizing Data, Variables and Measurement

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Variation

Standard Scores Z Scores

Probability, Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

The Single-Sample Z Test

The Single-Sample T Test

The T Test for Independent Groups Samples

T Test for Correlated Groups Samples

Comparing More Than Two Groups

One-Way Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance Anova

One-Way Repeated Measures Anova

Using Designs With More Than One Independent Variable and Two-Way Between-Subjects Anova

Advanced Correlational Techniques: Regression Analysis

Chi-Square Tests

Tests for Ordinal Data

Filters

The correlation between two nominal variables is measured using the _ coefficient, and the correlation between two ordinal variables is measured using the _ coefficient.

A correlation between one interval/ratio variable and one ordinal variable is measured using the _ coefficient, and the correlation between one interval/ratio variable and one nominal variable is measured using the _ coefficient.

The _ correlation coefficient is used when both variables are measured on a(n) _ scale of measurement.

A correlation between two interval/ratio variables is measured using the _ coefficient, and a correlation between two nominal variables is measured using the _ coefficient.