Question 1

According to Szasz (1961), diagnosis of mental illness has no physical and therefore no objective basis and is merely a means of social control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Learning disorders usually become apparent

Accepted Answer

A)  during adolescence. 
B)  during childhood. 
C)  after psychological testing shows children to be learning disabled. 
D)  after age 18, because children learn at such different rates. 
E)  during the first few weeks of life. 
A)  during adolescence. 
B)  during childhood. 
C)  after psychological testing shows children to be learning disabled. 
D)  after age 18, because children learn at such different rates. 
E)  during the first few weeks of life.

Question 3

An increase in reliability results in an increase in validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Why is the categorical approach to classification problematic in the DSM?

Accepted Answer

A)  Even if a person has all the symptoms of a disorder, they will not necessarily be diagnosed with a mental disorder. 
B)  There may not be enough categories to cover every disorder. 
C)  Too many people are classified as having a mental disorder. 
D)  Some people may have difficulties, but would not be diagnosed as disordered. 
E)  Not all people diagnosed with the same disorder behave the same way. 
A)  Even if a person has all the symptoms of a disorder, they will not necessarily be diagnosed with a mental disorder. 
B)  There may not be enough categories to cover every disorder. 
C)  Too many people are classified as having a mental disorder. 
D)  Some people may have difficulties, but would not be diagnosed as disordered. 
E)  Not all people diagnosed with the same disorder behave the same way.

Question 5

Taijin kyofusho is a syndrome found only in Japan, which

Accepted Answer

A)  concerns of being embarrassed. 
B)  is often mistaken for social phobia. 
C)  concerns a fear of embarrassing others. 
D)  affects mainly Japanese women. 
E)  is usually caused by poor diet. 
A)  concerns of being embarrassed. 
B)  is often mistaken for social phobia. 
C)  concerns a fear of embarrassing others. 
D)  affects mainly Japanese women. 
E)  is usually caused by poor diet.

Question 6

All of the following areas would be considered under Axis V EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  severe arguments with family members. 
B)  suicidal behaviour. 
C)  unemployment. 
D)  failing a year in school. 
E)  articulation problems resulting from a speech disability. 
A)  severe arguments with family members. 
B)  suicidal behaviour. 
C)  unemployment. 
D)  failing a year in school. 
E)  articulation problems resulting from a speech disability.

Question 7

A defense of retaining some aspects of the medical model is provided by Wakefield (1992), who states:

Accepted Answer

A)  some physical illnesses are diagnosed on the basis of associated dysfunction alone; in the future we will acquire more knowledge about physical correlates of mental disorders. 
B)  psychological symptoms invariably have physical processes which are causal. 
C)  decisions to intervene or not must be made on a categorical basis; serious mental illness requires professionals to think like doctors. 
D)  reliability will be improved by focusing on the underlying physical processes responsible for mental disorders. 
E)  at this point the most effective interventions are pharmacological. 
A)  some physical illnesses are diagnosed on the basis of associated dysfunction alone; in the future we will acquire more knowledge about physical correlates of mental disorders. 
B)  psychological symptoms invariably have physical processes which are causal. 
C)  decisions to intervene or not must be made on a categorical basis; serious mental illness requires professionals to think like doctors. 
D)  reliability will be improved by focusing on the underlying physical processes responsible for mental disorders. 
E)  at this point the most effective interventions are pharmacological.

Question 8

Parasomnias are defined by events such as sleepwalking or waking up in cold sweats.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Jennifer complains about a sore throat, aching muscles, lack of energy, and occasional dizziness. These __________ may help her doctor determine what is wrong with her.

Accepted Answer

A)  symptoms 
B)  hallucinations 
C)  signs 
D)  problems 
E)  behaviours 
A)  symptoms 
B)  hallucinations 
C)  signs 
D)  problems 
E)  behaviours

Question 10

Validity in diagnosis is best conceptualized as

Accepted Answer

A)  agreement between different clinicians on the diagnosis. 
B)  a diagnosis that makes sense based on the symptoms. 
C)  the ability to predict disorders accurately. 
D)  a discontinuous approach to classification of disorders. 
E)  a categorical classification of disorders. 
A)  agreement between different clinicians on the diagnosis. 
B)  a diagnosis that makes sense based on the symptoms. 
C)  the ability to predict disorders accurately. 
D)  a discontinuous approach to classification of disorders. 
E)  a categorical classification of disorders.

Question 11

A diagnostic system that predicted lower levels of education and socio-economic status for persons actually diagnosed with schizophrenia would be demonstrating _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitivity 
B)  predictive validity 
C)  concurrent validity 
D)  stigmatization 
E)  reliability 
A)  sensitivity 
B)  predictive validity 
C)  concurrent validity 
D)  stigmatization 
E)  reliability

Question 12

The textbook indicates that validity is the second criterion used to determine the usefulness of a diagnostic system. This is because

Accepted Answer

A)  as long as a diagnostic system is reliable, it does not matter if it is valid. 
B)  if you don't have reliability, you cannot have validity. 
C)  reliability and validity are independent of one another. 
D)  a diagnostic tool that is reliable is also likely to have at least moderate validity. 
E)  validity is usually more important than reliability. 
A)  as long as a diagnostic system is reliable, it does not matter if it is valid. 
B)  if you don't have reliability, you cannot have validity. 
C)  reliability and validity are independent of one another. 
D)  a diagnostic tool that is reliable is also likely to have at least moderate validity. 
E)  validity is usually more important than reliability.

Question 13

Comorbidity between two disorders indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is some relationship between the disorders in that person. 
B)  the two disorders are independent of each other. 
C)  the two disorders require the same form of treatment. 
D)  the two disorders have the same cause. 
E)  the diagnostic system is poor, failing to include all the relevant criteria in each disorder. 
A)  there is some relationship between the disorders in that person. 
B)  the two disorders are independent of each other. 
C)  the two disorders require the same form of treatment. 
D)  the two disorders have the same cause. 
E)  the diagnostic system is poor, failing to include all the relevant criteria in each disorder.

Question 14

A(n) __________ refers to the determination of the nature of an illness, while a(n) __________ refers to the procedure used to gather information necessary to identify the illness.

Accepted Answer

A)  examination; investigation 
B)  assessment; diagnosis 
C)  medical examination; clinical interview 
D)  diagnosis; assessment 
E)  diagnostic system; classification system 
A)  examination; investigation 
B)  assessment; diagnosis 
C)  medical examination; clinical interview 
D)  diagnosis; assessment 
E)  diagnostic system; classification system

Question 15

Why is it impossible to develop the perfect classification system?

Accepted Answer

In the perfect system, disorders would b

Question 16

Regardless of the diagnostic system used, it is relatively common that an individual will meet the criteria for more than one disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios is most similar to the concept of reliability in making a diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  You meet a guy at a party who appears to be a very shy person, but it turns out that once you get to know him, he's really talkative 
B)  You and your brother talk to several people and decide to take a trip to Florida. 
C)  Based on your brother's expensive and elaborate wardrobe, your friend concludes that he must be a little egocentric 
D)  Your brother is feeling quite ill, so you take his temperature and decide he has the flu 
E)  You and your brother go see the same movie with different people and both you and your brother think it had fantastic fight scenes. 
A)  You meet a guy at a party who appears to be a very shy person, but it turns out that once you get to know him, he's really talkative 
B)  You and your brother talk to several people and decide to take a trip to Florida. 
C)  Based on your brother's expensive and elaborate wardrobe, your friend concludes that he must be a little egocentric 
D)  Your brother is feeling quite ill, so you take his temperature and decide he has the flu 
E)  You and your brother go see the same movie with different people and both you and your brother think it had fantastic fight scenes.

Question 18

It is estimated that about one third of the global population has a mental disorder and that two thirds of those people receive no treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

It is hoped that DSM-5 will have improved clinical utility. Each of the following is an example of improved clinical utility EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  improved communication of important clinical information to patients/families. 
B)  improved prediction of the course of a disorder. 
C)  improved communication of information to other health care providers. 
D)  improved reliability of the diagnostic questionnaires. 
E)  improved ability to select effective interventions. 
A)  improved communication of important clinical information to patients/families. 
B)  improved prediction of the course of a disorder. 
C)  improved communication of information to other health care providers. 
D)  improved reliability of the diagnostic questionnaires. 
E)  improved ability to select effective interventions.

Question 20

Describe the reasons why there is controversy surrounding the classification of mental disorders.

Accepted Answer

Three main criticisms of classification

According to Szasz (1961), diagnosis of mental illness has no physical and therefore no objective basis and is merely a means of social control.

Learning disorders usually become apparent

An increase in reliability results in an increase in validity.

Why is the categorical approach to classification problematic in the DSM?

Taijin kyofusho is a syndrome found only in Japan, which

All of the following areas would be considered under Axis V EXCEPT

A defense of retaining some aspects of the medical model is provided by Wakefield (1992), who states:

Parasomnias are defined by events such as sleepwalking or waking up in cold sweats.

Jennifer complains about a sore throat, aching muscles, lack of energy, and occasional dizziness. These __________ may help her doctor determine what is wrong with her.

Validity in diagnosis is best conceptualized as

A diagnostic system that predicted lower levels of education and socio-economic status for persons actually diagnosed with schizophrenia would be demonstrating _______________.

The textbook indicates that validity is the second criterion used to determine the usefulness of a diagnostic system. This is because

Comorbidity between two disorders indicates that

A(n) refers to the determination of the nature of an illness, while a(n) refers to the procedure used to gather information necessary to identify the illness.

Why is it impossible to develop the perfect classification system?

Regardless of the diagnostic system used, it is relatively common that an individual will meet the criteria for more than one disorder.

Which of the following scenarios is most similar to the concept of reliability in making a diagnosis?

It is estimated that about one third of the global population has a mental disorder and that two thirds of those people receive no treatment.

It is hoped that DSM-5 will have improved clinical utility. Each of the following is an example of improved clinical utility EXCEPT

Describe the reasons why there is controversy surrounding the classification of mental disorders.

Concepts of Abnormality Throughout History

Theoretical Perspectives on Abnormal Behaviour

Psychological Assessment and Research Methods

Anxiety and Related Disorders

Dissociative and Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Schizophrenia

Eating Disorders

Substance-Related Disorders

The Personality Disorders

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Developmental Disorders

Behaviour and Emotional Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Mental Disorders and Aging

Therapies

Prevention and Mental Health Promotion in the Community

Mental Disorder and the Law

Filters

Exam 3: Classification and Diagnosis

According to Szasz (1961), diagnosis of mental illness has no physical and therefore no objective basis and is merely a means of social control.

Learning disorders usually become apparent

An increase in reliability results in an increase in validity.

Why is the categorical approach to classification problematic in the DSM?

Taijin kyofusho is a syndrome found only in Japan, which

All of the following areas would be considered under Axis V EXCEPT

A defense of retaining some aspects of the medical model is provided by Wakefield (1992), who states:

Parasomnias are defined by events such as sleepwalking or waking up in cold sweats.

Jennifer complains about a sore throat, aching muscles, lack of energy, and occasional dizziness. These __________ may help her doctor determine what is wrong with her.

Validity in diagnosis is best conceptualized as

A diagnostic system that predicted lower levels of education and socio-economic status for persons actually diagnosed with schizophrenia would be demonstrating _______________.

The textbook indicates that validity is the second criterion used to determine the usefulness of a diagnostic system. This is because

Comorbidity between two disorders indicates that

A(n) __________ refers to the determination of the nature of an illness, while a(n) __________ refers to the procedure used to gather information necessary to identify the illness.

Why is it impossible to develop the perfect classification system?

Regardless of the diagnostic system used, it is relatively common that an individual will meet the criteria for more than one disorder.

Which of the following scenarios is most similar to the concept of reliability in making a diagnosis?

It is estimated that about one third of the global population has a mental disorder and that two thirds of those people receive no treatment.

It is hoped that DSM-5 will have improved clinical utility. Each of the following is an example of improved clinical utility EXCEPT

Describe the reasons why there is controversy surrounding the classification of mental disorders.

Concepts of Abnormality Throughout History

Theoretical Perspectives on Abnormal Behaviour

Psychological Assessment and Research Methods

Anxiety and Related Disorders

Dissociative and Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Schizophrenia

Eating Disorders

Substance-Related Disorders

The Personality Disorders

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Developmental Disorders

Behaviour and Emotional Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Mental Disorders and Aging

Therapies

Prevention and Mental Health Promotion in the Community

Mental Disorder and the Law

Filters

A(n) refers to the determination of the nature of an illness, while a(n) refers to the procedure used to gather information necessary to identify the illness.