Question 1

Match the abnormality which results in intracellular accumulations in nonneoplatics
cells with the resultant disease:
-Mutations causing alterations in protein folding and transport

Accepted Answer

A)  Lysosomal storage diseases 
B)  Hemosiderosis 
C)  Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency 
D)  Fatty change in liver 
A)  Lysosomal storage diseases 
B)  Hemosiderosis 
C)  Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency 
D)  Fatty change in liver C

Question 2

Most forms of pathologic hyperplasia are caused by excessive hormonal stimulation or growth factors acting on target cells. If a patient had hyperplasia of the endometrium, which of the following is the most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased risk of miscarriage 
B)  Decreased risk of miscarriage 
C)  Increased risk of endometrial cancer 
D)  Decreased risk of endometrial cancer 
E)  Increased risk of neurologic disease 
A)  Increased risk of miscarriage 
B)  Decreased risk of miscarriage 
C)  Increased risk of endometrial cancer 
D)  Decreased risk of endometrial cancer 
E)  Increased risk of neurologic disease C

Question 3

Which of the following would NOT be associated with metastatic calciﬁcation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
B)  Destruction of bone tissue 
C)  Vitamin D-related disorders 
D)  Renal failure 
E)  Aortic stenosis 
A)  Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
B)  Destruction of bone tissue 
C)  Vitamin D-related disorders 
D)  Renal failure 
E)  Aortic stenosis E

Question 4

Match the mediator or acute inflammation with the source and action: Source Vascular Leakage Chemotaxis & Other
-Plasma protein via liver + -, opsonic fragment

Accepted Answer

A)  Histamine, serotonin 
B)  Leukotrienes C4, D4, E6 
C)  Nitric oxide 
D)  Chemokines 
E)  IL-1, TNF
F) Bradykinin
G) PAF
H) C3a
I) C5a
J) Leukotriene B4
K) O2 metabolites
L) Prostaglandins 
A)  Histamine, serotonin 
B)  Leukotrienes C4, D4, E6 
C)  Nitric oxide 
D)  Chemokines 
E)  IL-1, TNF
F) Bradykinin
G) PAF
H) C3a
I) C5a
J) Leukotriene B4
K) O2 metabolites
L) Prostaglandins

Question 5

The ER is involved in metabolism of various chemicals via cytochrome P-450 and cells exposed to these chemicals show 	of ER. Mitochondrial and cytoskeletal abnormalities are also apparent in injured cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rough; Atrophy 
B)  Rough; Hypertrophy 
C)  Smooth; Atrophy 
D)  Smooth; Hypertrophy 
A)  Rough; Atrophy 
B)  Rough; Hypertrophy 
C)  Smooth; Atrophy 
D)  Smooth; Hypertrophy

Question 6

Which of the following would be associated with defective inﬂammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infections 
B)  Allergies 
C)  Asthma 
D)  Psoriasis 
E)  Vitiligo 
A)  Infections 
B)  Allergies 
C)  Asthma 
D)  Psoriasis 
E)  Vitiligo

Question 7

Which of the following implies preservation of the basic outline of the involved cell for a span of at least some days?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coagulative necrosis 
B)  Liquefactive necrosis 
C)  Causeous necrosis 
D)  Fat necrosis 
E)  Gangrenous necrosis 
A)  Coagulative necrosis 
B)  Liquefactive necrosis 
C)  Causeous necrosis 
D)  Fat necrosis 
E)  Gangrenous necrosis

Question 8

Match the mediator or acute inflammation with the source and action: Source Vascular Leakage Chemotaxis & Other
-Macrophages, endoth. + +, vasodilation, cytotoxicity

Accepted Answer

A)  Histamine, serotonin 
B)  Leukotrienes C4, D4, E15 
C)  Nitric oxide 
D)  Chemokines 
E)  IL-1, TNF
F) Bradykinin
G) PAF
H) C3a
I) C5a
J) Leukotriene B4
K) O2 metabolites
L) Prostaglandins 
A)  Histamine, serotonin 
B)  Leukotrienes C4, D4, E15 
C)  Nitric oxide 
D)  Chemokines 
E)  IL-1, TNF
F) Bradykinin
G) PAF
H) C3a
I) C5a
J) Leukotriene B4
K) O2 metabolites
L) Prostaglandins

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of irreversible cell injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Necrosis, which is always pathologic or apoptosis 
B)  Intracellular accumulations (e.g. lipids) or calciﬁcation 
C)  Structural changes (e.g. mitochondrial densities) 
D)  Profound disturbances in membrane function 
E)  Adaptable mitochondrial dysfunction 
A)  Necrosis, which is always pathologic or apoptosis 
B)  Intracellular accumulations (e.g. lipids) or calciﬁcation 
C)  Structural changes (e.g. mitochondrial densities) 
D)  Profound disturbances in membrane function 
E)  Adaptable mitochondrial dysfunction

Question 10

Unlike acute inﬂammation, chronic inﬂammation is characterized by tissue destruction, induced by the persistent oﬀending agent or by the inﬂammatory cells. It is also characterized by the cells involved, which include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymphocytes 
B)  Plasma cells 
C)  Macrophages 
D)  Neutrophils 
E)  Eosinophils
F) Mast cells 
A)  Lymphocytes 
B)  Plasma cells 
C)  Macrophages 
D)  Neutrophils 
E)  Eosinophils
F) Mast cells

Question 11

NO causes vasodilation by what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Constriction of smooth muscle 
B)  Relaxation of smooth muscle 
C)  Constriction of striated muscle 
D)  Relaxation of striated muscle 
A)  Constriction of smooth muscle 
B)  Relaxation of smooth muscle 
C)  Constriction of striated muscle 
D)  Relaxation of striated muscle

Question 12

Which of the following causes of cell injury involves a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin S in sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen deprivation 
B)  Physical agents 
C)  Chemical agents and drugs 
D)  Infectious agents 
E)  Immunologic reactions
F) Genetic derangements
G) Nutritional imbalances 
A)  Oxygen deprivation 
B)  Physical agents 
C)  Chemical agents and drugs 
D)  Infectious agents 
E)  Immunologic reactions
F) Genetic derangements
G) Nutritional imbalances

Question 13

How do intracellular hyaline deposits, such as reabsorption droplets, Russell bodies, and Mallory alcoholic hyaline, appear when stained histologically with hematoxylin and eosin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homogeneous and pink 
B)  Homogenous and purple 
C)  Disperse and pink 
D)  Disperse and purple 
A)  Homogeneous and pink 
B)  Homogenous and purple 
C)  Disperse and pink 
D)  Disperse and purple

Question 14

Which of the following would NOT be an ultrastructural change seen in a reversibly injured cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blebbing 
B)  Microvillli distortion 
C)  Myelin ﬁgured 
D)  Amorphous densities 
E)  Cell shrinking
F) Loosening of intracellular attachments 
A)  Blebbing 
B)  Microvillli distortion 
C)  Myelin ﬁgured 
D)  Amorphous densities 
E)  Cell shrinking
F) Loosening of intracellular attachments

Question 15

Which of the following types of atrophy is involved in ischemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased workload 
B)  Loss of innervation 
C)  Diminished blood supply 
D)  Inadequate nutrition (protein-calorie) 
E)  Loss of endrocrine stimulation
F) Aging (senile atrophy)
G) Pressure 
A)  Decreased workload 
B)  Loss of innervation 
C)  Diminished blood supply 
D)  Inadequate nutrition (protein-calorie) 
E)  Loss of endrocrine stimulation
F) Aging (senile atrophy)
G) Pressure

Question 16

Match the cellular response normally seen in cells with the stimuli (description):
-Increased demand, increased trophic stimulation

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperplasia/Hypertrophy 
B)  Atrophy 
C)  Metaplasia 
D)  Injury/Necrosis/Apoptosis 
E)  Calcifications/Intracellular accumulations 
A)  Hyperplasia/Hypertrophy 
B)  Atrophy 
C)  Metaplasia 
D)  Injury/Necrosis/Apoptosis 
E)  Calcifications/Intracellular accumulations

Question 17

Match the type of apoptosis with the involved item:
-DNA Damage-Mediated Apoptosis

Accepted Answer

A)  p54 
B)  Granzyme B 
C)  FasL 
D)  Bcl 
A)  p54 
B)  Granzyme B 
C)  FasL 
D)  Bcl

Question 18

Match the cellular response normally seen in cells with the stimuli (description):
-Metabolic alterations, genetic or acquired

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperplasia/Hypertrophy 
B)  Atrophy 
C)  Metaplasia 
D)  Injury/Necrosis/Apoptosis 
E)  Calcifications/Intracellular accumulations 
A)  Hyperplasia/Hypertrophy 
B)  Atrophy 
C)  Metaplasia 
D)  Injury/Necrosis/Apoptosis 
E)  Calcifications/Intracellular accumulations

Question 19

Match the mediator or acute inflammation with the source and action: Source Vascular Leakage Chemotaxis & Other
-Macrophages ++ , leukocyte adhesion

Accepted Answer

A)  Histamine, serotonin 
B)  Leukotrienes C4, D4, E7 
C)  Nitric oxide 
D)  Chemokines 
E)  IL-1, TNF
F) Bradykinin
G) PAF
H) C3a
I) C5a
J) Leukotriene B4
K) O2 metabolites
L) Prostaglandins 
A)  Histamine, serotonin 
B)  Leukotrienes C4, D4, E7 
C)  Nitric oxide 
D)  Chemokines 
E)  IL-1, TNF
F) Bradykinin
G) PAF
H) C3a
I) C5a
J) Leukotriene B4
K) O2 metabolites
L) Prostaglandins

Question 20

Match the endothelial molecule (leukocyte adhesion molecule) with its major role:
-Adhesion, arrest, transmigration (all leukocytes)

Accepted Answer

A)  ICAM-1 
B)  P-selectin 
C)  E-selectin 
D)  VCAM-1 
E)  GlyCam-1
F) CD31 (PECAM) 
A)  ICAM-1 
B)  P-selectin 
C)  E-selectin 
D)  VCAM-1 
E)  GlyCam-1
F) CD31 (PECAM)

Exam 1: Pathology

Match the abnormality which results in intracellular accumulations in nonneoplatics cells with the resultant disease: -Mutations causing alterations in protein folding and transport

Most forms of pathologic hyperplasia are caused by excessive hormonal stimulation or growth factors acting on target cells. If a patient had hyperplasia of the endometrium, which of the following is the most likely?

Which of the following would NOT be associated with metastatic calciﬁcation?

Match the mediator or acute inflammation with the source and action: Source Vascular Leakage Chemotaxis & Other -Plasma protein via liver + -, opsonic fragment

The ER is involved in metabolism of various chemicals via cytochrome P-450 and cells exposed to these chemicals show of ER. Mitochondrial and cytoskeletal abnormalities are also apparent in injured cells.

Which of the following would be associated with defective inﬂammation?

Which of the following implies preservation of the basic outline of the involved cell for a span of at least some days?

Match the mediator or acute inflammation with the source and action: Source Vascular Leakage Chemotaxis & Other -Macrophages, endoth. + +, vasodilation, cytotoxicity

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of irreversible cell injury?

Unlike acute inﬂammation, chronic inﬂammation is characterized by tissue destruction, induced by the persistent oﬀending agent or by the inﬂammatory cells. It is also characterized by the cells involved, which include all of the following EXCEPT:

NO causes vasodilation by what mechanism?

Which of the following causes of cell injury involves a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin S in sickle cell anemia?

How do intracellular hyaline deposits, such as reabsorption droplets, Russell bodies, and Mallory alcoholic hyaline, appear when stained histologically with hematoxylin and eosin?

Which of the following would NOT be an ultrastructural change seen in a reversibly injured cell?

Which of the following types of atrophy is involved in ischemia?

Match the cellular response normally seen in cells with the stimuli (description): -Increased demand, increased trophic stimulation

Match the type of apoptosis with the involved item: -DNA Damage-Mediated Apoptosis

Match the cellular response normally seen in cells with the stimuli (description): -Metabolic alterations, genetic or acquired

Match the mediator or acute inflammation with the source and action: Source Vascular Leakage Chemotaxis & Other -Macrophages ++ , leukocyte adhesion

Match the endothelial molecule (leukocyte adhesion molecule) with its major role: -Adhesion, arrest, transmigration (all leukocytes)

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