Question 1

Which of the following is inhibitory to the mitochondrial (intrinsic) apoptosis pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytochrome c 
B)  Bcl-2 
C)  Apaf-1 
D)  IAPs 
E)  Pro Caspase-9
F) Active Caspase-9
G) AIF 
A)  Cytochrome c 
B)  Bcl-2 
C)  Apaf-1 
D)  IAPs 
E)  Pro Caspase-9
F) Active Caspase-9
G) AIF

Question 2

Match the type of apoptosis with the involved item:
-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Mediated Apoptosis

Accepted Answer

A)  p56 
B)  Granzyme B 
C)  FasL 
D)  Bcl 
A)  p56 
B)  Granzyme B 
C)  FasL 
D)  Bcl

Question 3

Match the following description with the term:
-Nuclear shrinkage and increased basophilia

Accepted Answer

A)  Karyolysis 
B)  Pyknosis 
C)  Karyorrhexis 
A)  Karyolysis 
B)  Pyknosis 
C)  Karyorrhexis

Question 4

Hemosiderin is a hemoglobin-derived, golden yellow-to-brown, granular or crystalline pigment that can indicate a local excess of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen 
B)  CO2 
C)  Iron 
D)  Macrophages 
E)  Ca++ 
A)  Oxygen 
B)  CO2 
C)  Iron 
D)  Macrophages 
E)  Ca++

Question 5

The 	-proteasome pathway is responsible for the degradation of many cytosolic
And nuclear proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ubiquitin 
B)  Ouabain 
C)  Angiotensin 
D)  Methionine 
E)  Decarboxylase 
A)  Ubiquitin 
B)  Ouabain 
C)  Angiotensin 
D)  Methionine 
E)  Decarboxylase

Question 6

One possible outcome of acute inflammation is resolution, with the other outcomes being chronic inflammation and fibrosis (loss of function) . Which of the following is NOT associated with resolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clearance of injurious stimuli 
B)  Clearance of mediators and acute inﬂammatory cells 
C)  Replacement of injured cells 
D)  Normal function 
E)  Angiogenesis 
A)  Clearance of injurious stimuli 
B)  Clearance of mediators and acute inﬂammatory cells 
C)  Replacement of injured cells 
D)  Normal function 
E)  Angiogenesis

Question 7

The two patterns of reversible cell injury are cellular swelling and fatty change. Which of the following would NOT be an ultrastructural change seen in such a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased lysosomal activity 
B)  Plasma membrane alterations 
C)  Mitochondrial changes 
D)  Dilation of the ER Nuclear alteration 
A)  Decreased lysosomal activity 
B)  Plasma membrane alterations 
C)  Mitochondrial changes 
D)  Dilation of the ER Nuclear alteration

Question 8

Match the type of chronic inflammation with the associated disease:
-Persistent infections

Accepted Answer

A)  Silicosis 
B)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
C)  Treponema pallidum 
A)  Silicosis 
B)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
C)  Treponema pallidum

Question 9

Match the abnormality which results in intracellular accumulations in nonneoplatics
cells with the resultant disease:
-Abnormal metabolism

Accepted Answer

A)  Lysosomal storage diseases 
B)  Hemosiderosis 
C)  Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency 
D)  Fatty change in liver 
A)  Lysosomal storage diseases 
B)  Hemosiderosis 
C)  Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency 
D)  Fatty change in liver

Question 10

Match the cellular response normally seen in cells with the stimuli (description):
-Chronic irritation (chemical or physical)

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperplasia/Hypertrophy 
B)  Atrophy 
C)  Metaplasia 
D)  Injury/Necrosis/Apoptosis 
E)  Calcifications/Intracellular accumulations 
A)  Hyperplasia/Hypertrophy 
B)  Atrophy 
C)  Metaplasia 
D)  Injury/Necrosis/Apoptosis 
E)  Calcifications/Intracellular accumulations

Question 11

Which of the following occurs as a result of release of activated pancreatic enzymes and can leave white, chalky deposits representing calcium soap?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coagulative necrosis 
B)  Liquefactive necrosis 
C)  Causeous necrosis 
D)  Fat necrosis 
E)  Gangrenous necrosis 
A)  Coagulative necrosis 
B)  Liquefactive necrosis 
C)  Causeous necrosis 
D)  Fat necrosis 
E)  Gangrenous necrosis

Question 12

Which of the following has a cheesy, yellow-white appearance at the area of necrosis and is encountered most often in foci of tuberculous infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coagulative necrosis 
B)  Liquefactive necrosis 
C)  Causeous necrosis 
D)  Fat necrosis 
E)  Gangrenous necrosis 
A)  Coagulative necrosis 
B)  Liquefactive necrosis 
C)  Causeous necrosis 
D)  Fat necrosis 
E)  Gangrenous necrosis

Question 13

Which of the following is characterized by the production of large amounts of pus consisting of neutrophils, necrotic cells, and edema ﬂuid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serous inﬂammation 
B)  Fibrinous inﬂammation 
C)  Suppurative or purulent inﬂammation 
D)  Ulcers 
A)  Serous inﬂammation 
B)  Fibrinous inﬂammation 
C)  Suppurative or purulent inﬂammation 
D)  Ulcers

Question 14

Bilirubin is hemoglobin-derived and the normal major pigment found in bile. If found in excess, what color does it change the skin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Black 
B)  White 
C)  Red 
D)  Yellow 
E)  Blue 
A)  Black 
B)  White 
C)  Red 
D)  Yellow 
E)  Blue

Question 15

A granuloma is a focus of chronic inflammation consisting of a microscopic aggregation of macrophages. Which of the following is an immune granuloma and NOT
A foreign body granuloma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Talc 
B)  Sutures 
C)  Microbes 
D)  Soil 
E)  Glass 
A)  Talc 
B)  Sutures 
C)  Microbes 
D)  Soil 
E)  Glass

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true regarding NO?

Accepted Answer

A)  NO acts on target cells through induction of GMP 
B)  NO reduces platelet adhesion 
C)  NO reduces leukocyte adhesion 
D)  NO promotes leukocyte rolling 
E)  NO decreases inﬂammation 
A)  NO acts on target cells through induction of GMP 
B)  NO reduces platelet adhesion 
C)  NO reduces leukocyte adhesion 
D)  NO promotes leukocyte rolling 
E)  NO decreases inﬂammation

Question 17

Which of the following diseases would most likely show glycogen abnormalities if tissues, such as the descending loop of Henle and liver cells, are stained with periodic acid shiﬀ (PAS) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronic hypertension 
B)  Congestive heart failure 
C)  Abdominal aortic aneurysm 
D)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
E)  Diabetes mellitus 
A)  Chronic hypertension 
B)  Congestive heart failure 
C)  Abdominal aortic aneurysm 
D)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
E)  Diabetes mellitus

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a systemic eﬀect of inﬂammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fever 
B)  Increased acute-phase proteins 
C)  Leukocytosis 
D)  Decreased pulse and blood pressure 
E)  Cytokine release (IL-1 and TNF) 
A)  Fever 
B)  Increased acute-phase proteins 
C)  Leukocytosis 
D)  Decreased pulse and blood pressure 
E)  Cytokine release (IL-1 and TNF)

Question 19

In Barrett esophagus, metaplasia occurs as a result of refluxed gastric acid. Which of the following changes occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Squamous to columnar 
B)  Squamous to cuboidal 
C)  Columnar to squamous 
D)  Columnar to cuboidal 
E)  Cuboidal to squamous 
A)  Squamous to columnar 
B)  Squamous to cuboidal 
C)  Columnar to squamous 
D)  Columnar to cuboidal 
E)  Cuboidal to squamous

Question 20

Match the endothelial molecule (leukocyte adhesion molecule) with its major role:
-Rolling, adhesion to activated endothelium (neutrophils, T cells)

Accepted Answer

A)  ICAM-1 
B)  P-selectin 
C)  E-selectin 
D)  VCAM-1 
E)  GlyCam-1
F) CD31 (PECAM) 
A)  ICAM-1 
B)  P-selectin 
C)  E-selectin 
D)  VCAM-1 
E)  GlyCam-1
F) CD31 (PECAM)

Exam 1: Pathology

Which of the following is inhibitory to the mitochondrial (intrinsic) apoptosis pathway?

Match the type of apoptosis with the involved item: -Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Mediated Apoptosis

Match the following description with the term: -Nuclear shrinkage and increased basophilia

Hemosiderin is a hemoglobin-derived, golden yellow-to-brown, granular or crystalline pigment that can indicate a local excess of which of the following?

The -proteasome pathway is responsible for the degradation of many cytosolic And nuclear proteins.

One possible outcome of acute inflammation is resolution, with the other outcomes being chronic inflammation and fibrosis (loss of function) . Which of the following is NOT associated with resolution?

The two patterns of reversible cell injury are cellular swelling and fatty change. Which of the following would NOT be an ultrastructural change seen in such a cell?

Match the type of chronic inflammation with the associated disease: -Persistent infections

Match the abnormality which results in intracellular accumulations in nonneoplatics cells with the resultant disease: -Abnormal metabolism

Match the cellular response normally seen in cells with the stimuli (description): -Chronic irritation (chemical or physical)