Exam 5: Pretrial Release and Diversion: Suspending Progression Through the Formal Justice Process

The history of structured pretrial release and diversion began in the 1960s in what came to be called the Bail Reform Movement.

In a 1980s study of discrimination practices in the criminal courts, researchers found that defendants with families are more likely to be granted pretrial release and less likely to receive the harsher types of non- jail sentences than those who do not have families.

Pretrial release and diversion programs in the 21^st Century are touted as a cost effective alternative to

______ is a special condition the court imposes that requires an individual to work, for a civic or nonprofit organization, without being compensated.

Pretrial release is defined as a non-monetary alternative to detention for defendants who are unable to post bail.

With the advent of crime control initiatives such as the "war on drugs," the number of persons prosecuted for drug, weapon, and immigration offenses______.

______ is a type of bail in which the defendant signs an agreement that he or she will appear in court as required.

Large cash and property valued bail is believed to provide the incentive to prevent defendants from absconding.

Drug Court is a special court given the responsibility of select felony and misdemeanor cases involving nonviolent drug-using offenders.

Reinforcing the link between EBP, quality assurance, and data driven decision making should be a goal for all agencies that provide pretrial release services.

The purpose of bail is to guarantee the appearance of criminal defendants at their court hearings and trial.

In the area of pretrial release/detention decision-making, defendants should have the same opportunity for consideration for release without regard to race, sex, economic status, or other extra-legal case factors.

Each year approximately 7 million arrests occur in the United States.

Each year approximately______million arrests occur in the United States.

The 1980 California Supreme Court case of______shifted the burden of proof away from defendants, who previously had been forced to demonstrate why they should be released from jail, to prosecutors, who had to show why defendants should not be released from jail.

With Released on Recognizance (ROR) the court releases a defendant on a signed agreement that he or she will appear in court.

TASC (Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime) programs provide assessment, referral, case management and monitoring services for drug and alcohol dependent offenders accused or convicted of nonviolent crimes.

Pretrial release and diversion programs help to maximize the release rate of persons accused of crimes while minimizing the failure to appear and re-arrest rates of those released.

Numerical "risk"

The supervision of pretrial defendants may include contact supervision or referral to community services, but not both.