Exam 5: Pretrial Release and Diversion: Suspending Progression Through the Formal Justice Process

The two types of pretrial release are released on recognizance (ROR) and conditional-un/supervised release.

The Federal Pretrial Services Act of 1982 expanded pretrial services to all 94 judicial districts and marked a significant milestone for what is now the U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System TRUE

U.S. Pretrial Services Officers are considered federal law enforcement officers.

Breathalyzers, devices for estimating blood alcohol content from a defendant's breath, are commonplace in pretrial service programs.

Defendants who are gainfully employed in the community may be less at risk to re-offend than defendants who are not employed, as unemployment is a major contributor to crime causation. TRUE

The legal basis for which defendants enjoy protections during the pretrial stage can be found in the ______.

In pretrial diversion, defendants voluntarily enter into a diversion program in lieu of prosecution.

______ are devices for estimating blood alcohol content from a defendant's breath.

______ is a special court given the responsibility of select felony and misdemeanor cases involving nonviolent drug-using offenders.

Outcome evaluations are scientifically and professionally necessary to promote and provide evidence- based practice in the discipline of pretrial services.

With the advent of 1980s crime control initiatives such as the "war on drugs,"

______ means that the court releases a defendant on a signed agreement that he or she will appear in court.

______ is a device secured to the defendant's ankle to test the alcohol concentration through the skin from a remote location.

Studies have shown that defendants with strong community ties (i.e., regular contact with family, residency in the community for a length of time, stable employment) have better outcomes on pretrial release than defendants with weaker ties.

The first pretrial diversion program in the U.S. was the Citizen's Probation Authority program, established in 1965 in Flint, Michigan

Some pretrial programs have developed special risk assessment procedures for defendants charged with certain types of crimes such as domestic violence.

Under the terms of his diversion agreement, radio commentator Rush Limbaugh______.

Evidence-based practices are considered effective for the post-conviction (community corrections) discipline when they reduce offender risk and subsequent recidivism.

In 1963, the Sixth Amendment right to counsel was extended to the states by the U.S. Supreme Court in______.

______ are grant programs designed to support criminal justice reform and synthesize knowledge that emerges from these funded activities.