Exam 15: Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories

As a child, Robin was frequently surrounded by many people and came to see herself as a very sociable person. As an adult, she has chosen a career that requires her to interact with other people on a daily basis. As a result, Robin is becoming even more sociable than before. This process is called ________.

A light goes on in a room just before an excruciatingly loud buzzer sounds. A subject who startles when the light goes on shows ________ behavior, but one who leaves the room to avoid the noise exhibits ________ behavior.

Following Bandura, many social learning theorists agree that the important causes of behavior ________.

The idea that, in time, you can get used to almost anything is associated with which learning mechanism?

Which of the following is one of the main principles of Dollard and Miller's approach-avoidance conflict theory?

Humans are the only animals that learn by observing others.

Explain what it takes to make punishment effective. What are the dangers of punishment? What are alternatives to punishment and why might these approaches be more effective than punishment?

Hedonism provides the ________ necessary for learning and behavior to occur.

The philosophical belief called ________ claims that people learn in order to seek pleasure and to avoid pain.

Bandura's concept of efficacy is similar to what Rotter called ________.

What two important ideas are combined in Mischel's cognitive-affective personality system?

Julian Rotter's social learning theory focuses primarily on ________.

What construct would Mischel prefer replace the construct of personality traits?

If a particular song frequently precedes your being touched by your significant other, then eventually hearing the song will make you think of being touched by him or her. This is the basic idea behind ________.

Social learning theory has evolved so far from its behaviorist roots that there is little connection between John Watson's ideas and if . . . then contingencies.

Expectancy value theory states that the individual will weigh both the size of the reward and the likelihood of obtaining the reward when faced with a decision.

Experiments have shown that if one receives rewards and/or punishments randomly (i.e., regardless of what one does), then one is likely to develop depression. This phenomenon is known as ________.

Describe how classic learning theory principles can be used to explain superstitious behavior (do not consider principles of social learning theory). Explain how these learning theory ideas can also be used to understand something more pervasive such as aggressive behavior.

Dollard and Miller's key idea concerns ________.

Strict behaviorists believe that thoughts and emotions are important to study.