Question 1

All of the following are true for DNA-binding proteins EXCEPT that they

Accepted Answer

A)  can form protective crystalline structures around organized DNA. 
B)  condense prokaryotic DNA. 
C)  can act as regulators of gene expression. 
D)  determine the shape of the cell. 
E)  help to keep cells viable for a longer duration of time. 
A)  can form protective crystalline structures around organized DNA. 
B)  condense prokaryotic DNA. 
C)  can act as regulators of gene expression. 
D)  determine the shape of the cell. 
E)  help to keep cells viable for a longer duration of time. D

Question 2

Cells must be broken open in order to then fractionate the components. Each of the following can be used in bacterial cell breakage EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  French press. 
B)  lysozyme . 
C)  mild detergent. 
D)  ultracentrifugation. 
E)  ultrasonic vibration. 
A)  French press. 
B)  lysozyme . 
C)  mild detergent. 
D)  ultracentrifugation. 
E)  ultrasonic vibration. D

Question 3

You study a bacterium that grows in very low-nutrient aqueous environments. Which type of transport mechanism is required to deliver nutrients from these environments where they are at a lower concentration than inside the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  aquaporins 
B)  active transport 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  passive diffusion 
E)  Such bacteria cannot exist. 
A)  aquaporins 
B)  active transport 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  passive diffusion 
E)  Such bacteria cannot exist. B

Question 4

The proteins embedded in a membrane require that region to be

Accepted Answer

A)  crystalline. 
B)  hydrophobic. 
C)  flexible. 
D)  negatively charged. 
E)  positively charged. 
A)  crystalline. 
B)  hydrophobic. 
C)  flexible. 
D)  negatively charged. 
E)  positively charged.

Question 5

We cannot see the molecules within a cell, but ________ and ________ analysis generate a remarkably detailed view.

Accepted Answer

A)  structural; genetic 
B)  microscopy; genetic 
C)  chemical; subcellular 
D)  microscopy; subcellular 
E)  chemical; genetic 
A)  structural; genetic 
B)  microscopy; genetic 
C)  chemical; subcellular 
D)  microscopy; subcellular 
E)  chemical; genetic

Question 6

All of the following are components of peptidoglycan EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  N-acetylglucosamine. 
B)  N-acetylmuramic acid. 
C)  lipopolysaccharide. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  peptide cross-links. 
A)  N-acetylglucosamine. 
B)  N-acetylmuramic acid. 
C)  lipopolysaccharide. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  peptide cross-links.

Question 7

From your knowledge of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell envelopes, why would penicillin be more effective in killing Gram-positive organisms than Gram-negative organisms?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin prevents cross-linking of pep

Question 8

Which is NOT a component of a Gram-negative bacterium's wall?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptidoglycan 
B)  teichoic acid 
C)  N-acetylmuramic acid 
D)  diaminopimelic acid 
E)  MurNac 
A)  peptidoglycan 
B)  teichoic acid 
C)  N-acetylmuramic acid 
D)  diaminopimelic acid 
E)  MurNac

Question 9

Which of the following is described as an attachment organelle that is a membrane-bound extension of the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

A)  pili 
B)  fimbriae 
C)  sex pili 
D)  stalks 
E)  flagella 
A)  pili 
B)  fimbriae 
C)  sex pili 
D)  stalks 
E)  flagella

Question 10

The lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane is of medical importance because it acts as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  endotoxin. 
B)  exotoxin. 
C)  toxoid. 
D)  enterotoxin. 
E)  antibiotic. 
A)  endotoxin. 
B)  exotoxin. 
C)  toxoid. 
D)  enterotoxin. 
E)  antibiotic.

Question 11

All of the following are true statements about bacterial S-layers EXCEPT that they

Accepted Answer

A)  are commonly found in Gram-positive cells as well as in archaea. 
B)  are a crystalline layer consisting of protein or glycoprotein. 
C)  present a formidable physical barrier to predators or parasites. 
D)  are found in bacteria freshly isolated from natural sources. 
E)  are found in bacteria isolated from laboratory cultures. 
A)  are commonly found in Gram-positive cells as well as in archaea. 
B)  are a crystalline layer consisting of protein or glycoprotein. 
C)  present a formidable physical barrier to predators or parasites. 
D)  are found in bacteria freshly isolated from natural sources. 
E)  are found in bacteria isolated from laboratory cultures.

Question 12

Explain the movement of a bacterium possessing flagella away from a toxic chemical.

Accepted Answer

Counterclockwise spinning of the flagell

Question 13

The partition that results from the inward growth of the cell envelope from opposite directions is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  divisome. 
B)  septum. 
C)  wall. 
D)  colony. 
E)  Z-ring. 
A)  divisome. 
B)  septum. 
C)  wall. 
D)  colony. 
E)  Z-ring.

Question 14

The permeability of weak acids and bases across a membrane has implications for pharmaceutical treatment of disease. Assuming equal effectiveness in the lab, what type of molecule would be best to treat a bacterium growing in stomach acid, and why?

Accepted Answer

An effective medicine that is

Question 15

A ________ is a term used to designate a single messenger RNA molecule being translated by multiple ribosomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  couple 
B)  periplasm 
C)  carboxysome 
D)  thylakoid 
E)  polysome 
A)  couple 
B)  periplasm 
C)  carboxysome 
D)  thylakoid 
E)  polysome

Question 16

The capsule polysaccharides form a slippery mucous layer that inhibits

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion. 
B)  phagocytosis. 
C)  attachment. 
D)  lysis. 
E)  osmosis. 
A)  diffusion. 
B)  phagocytosis. 
C)  attachment. 
D)  lysis. 
E)  osmosis.

Question 17

Cell wall growth patterns of a variety of bacteria have been studied using fluorescently labeled D-amino acids. This approach has worked because

Accepted Answer

A)  fluorescent amino acids block further cell wall synthesis and thus provide a snapshot of the cell wall at a particular time. 
B)  ribosomes cannot incorporate any fluorescence and thus cannot use fluorescent amino acids; it all goes to cell wall. 
C)  vancomycin can block the incorporation of D-alanine into protein and thus force it into the cell wall. 
D)  the labeled amino acids are D-amino acids, not L-amino acids.; thus, they only were incorporated into cell wall. 
E)  This approach has not worked. 
A)  fluorescent amino acids block further cell wall synthesis and thus provide a snapshot of the cell wall at a particular time. 
B)  ribosomes cannot incorporate any fluorescence and thus cannot use fluorescent amino acids; it all goes to cell wall. 
C)  vancomycin can block the incorporation of D-alanine into protein and thus force it into the cell wall. 
D)  the labeled amino acids are D-amino acids, not L-amino acids.; thus, they only were incorporated into cell wall. 
E)  This approach has not worked.

Question 18

With respect to the proteins involved in the polarity of Caulobacter, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  DivJ is a marker for stalk and is produced at an old pole where PodJ had previously been located. 
B)  The stalk develops at a pole where PodJ is found. 
C)  After cell division, TipN localizes at the new cell pole opposite the stalk. 
D)  PodJ is a marker for flagella and interacts with TipN at the new pole. 
E)  After elongation and prior to division, TipN localizes to the septum. 
A)  DivJ is a marker for stalk and is produced at an old pole where PodJ had previously been located. 
B)  The stalk develops at a pole where PodJ is found. 
C)  After cell division, TipN localizes at the new cell pole opposite the stalk. 
D)  PodJ is a marker for flagella and interacts with TipN at the new pole. 
E)  After elongation and prior to division, TipN localizes to the septum.

Question 19

Compare and contrast FtsZ and tubulin. Why do the similarities support evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes from a common ancestor?

Accepted Answer

FtsZ is a protein that forms a Z ring ar

Question 20

Light is harvested by protein complexes called

Accepted Answer

A)  thylakoids. 
B)  carboxysomes. 
C)  gas vesicles. 
D)  storage granules. 
E)  magnetosomes. 
A)  thylakoids. 
B)  carboxysomes. 
C)  gas vesicles. 
D)  storage granules. 
E)  magnetosomes.

Exam 3: Cell Structure and Function

All of the following are true for DNA-binding proteins EXCEPT that they

Cells must be broken open in order to then fractionate the components. Each of the following can be used in bacterial cell breakage EXCEPT

You study a bacterium that grows in very low-nutrient aqueous environments. Which type of transport mechanism is required to deliver nutrients from these environments where they are at a lower concentration than inside the cell?

The proteins embedded in a membrane require that region to be

We cannot see the molecules within a cell, but ________ and ________ analysis generate a remarkably detailed view.

All of the following are components of peptidoglycan EXCEPT

From your knowledge of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell envelopes, why would penicillin be more effective in killing Gram-positive organisms than Gram-negative organisms?

Which is NOT a component of a Gram-negative bacterium's wall?

Which of the following is described as an attachment organelle that is a membrane-bound extension of the cytoplasm?

The lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane is of medical importance because it acts as a(n)

All of the following are true statements about bacterial S-layers EXCEPT that they

Explain the movement of a bacterium possessing flagella away from a toxic chemical.

The partition that results from the inward growth of the cell envelope from opposite directions is known as the

The permeability of weak acids and bases across a membrane has implications for pharmaceutical treatment of disease. Assuming equal effectiveness in the lab, what type of molecule would be best to treat a bacterium growing in stomach acid, and why?

A ________ is a term used to designate a single messenger RNA molecule being translated by multiple ribosomes.

The capsule polysaccharides form a slippery mucous layer that inhibits

Cell wall growth patterns of a variety of bacteria have been studied using fluorescently labeled D-amino acids. This approach has worked because

With respect to the proteins involved in the polarity of Caulobacter, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Compare and contrast FtsZ and tubulin. Why do the similarities support evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes from a common ancestor?

Light is harvested by protein complexes called

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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We cannot see the molecules within a cell, but and analysis generate a remarkably detailed view.