Exam 3: Cell Structure and Function

Extreme thermophiles have ________ chains in their membrane in order to maintain membrane stability.

Water can move across a membrane via passive diffusion but that movement is aided by

The periplasm in Gram-negative bacteria is filled with proteins. Describe the importance of these proteins.

The bacterial flagellum is a helical protein filament whose ________ motor moves the cell in search of a more favorable environment.

Explain how a genetic approach can be used to understand cell division. Give an example.

The ________ is the region between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane in Gram-negative cells.

Describe the Gram-negative cell envelope. Why are porins necessary in the outer membrane of Gram-negative cells?

The bacterial cell wall of mycobacteria is highly hydrophobic due to presence of

Directed movements toward or away from a chemical or physical signal are known as

Explain what happens when a cell comes into contact with water or ethanol. Why is 70% ethanol commonly used to treat wounds and surfaces?

Penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) are proteins located in the periplasmic space in Gram-negative bacteria and are involved in synthesizing the cell wall. Thus, they are a target for antibiotics and are of interest to drug developers. Describe how one could obtain these pbps for further study.

Specific membrane components, particularly ________, determine which substances are transported across the membrane.

In order for septation to occur, which process must finish first?

Describe two mechanisms that archaea may use to enhance the heat stability of the membrane.

One similarity between a Gram-negative cell envelope and that of mycobacteria is that mycobacteria have

Explain how bacteria can produce proteins more quickly than eukaryotes do.

Describe four ways cells can be broken open in order to isolate the cellular components.

Some bacterial cells are inedible for humans because of the

E. coli and Sinorhizobium cell-surface proteins enable colonization of ________ and ________, respectively.

In the figure below, which of the four fatty acids adds fluidity to a membrane, and what type of bond allows this to happen?