Question 1

The anammox reaction consists of __________ and, as a consequence, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction of sulfate by ammonia; sulfur and nitrogen are incorporated into amino acids 
B)  reduction of ammonium to form nitrite; plants can absorb nitrite 
C)  anaerobic ammonium oxidation by nitrite; large amounts of N₂ are released into the atmosphere 
D)  reduction of ammonium by water; ammonium becomes ammonia 
E)  reduction of N₂ to ammonium; nitrogen atoms are incorporated into amino acids 
A)  reduction of sulfate by ammonia; sulfur and nitrogen are incorporated into amino acids 
B)  reduction of ammonium to form nitrite; plants can absorb nitrite 
C)  anaerobic ammonium oxidation by nitrite; large amounts of N₂ are released into the atmosphere 
D)  reduction of ammonium by water; ammonium becomes ammonia 
E)  reduction of N₂ to ammonium; nitrogen atoms are incorporated into amino acids C

Question 2

Some respiratory bacteria, such as the nitrate oxidizer, nitospira, pack their ETS within intracytoplasmic pockets called

Accepted Answer

A)  insoluable particles. 
B)  mitochondrial inner membrane. 
C)  inner membrane space. 
D)  cristae. 
E)  lamellae. 
A)  insoluable particles. 
B)  mitochondrial inner membrane. 
C)  inner membrane space. 
D)  cristae. 
E)  lamellae. E

Question 3

The Fₒ portion of Escherichia coli ATP synthase that rotates while translocating protons is

Accepted Answer

A)  the g drive shaft. 
B)  subunits a and 
C)  a ring of 8 to 15 c subunits. 
D)  an ab - subunit. 
E)  the catalytic active site. 
A)  the g drive shaft. 
B)  subunits a and 
C)  a ring of 8 to 15 c subunits. 
D)  an ab - subunit. 
E)  the catalytic active site. C

Question 4

Which of the following is FALSE regarding dehalorespiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a type of hydrogenotrophy. 
B)  Cl- can be removed from toxic compounds by dehalorespiration. 
C)  Nitrogen (N₂) is a by-product of dehalorespiration. 
D)  Halogenated organic molecules serve as electron acceptors for H₂. 
E)  Hydrogenotrophs can be used in bioremediation. 
A)  It is a type of hydrogenotrophy. 
B)  Cl- can be removed from toxic compounds by dehalorespiration. 
C)  Nitrogen (N₂) is a by-product of dehalorespiration. 
D)  Halogenated organic molecules serve as electron acceptors for H₂. 
E)  Hydrogenotrophs can be used in bioremediation.

Question 5

The following groups or molecules are components of electron transport systems, EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  heme 
B)  [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] iron-sulfur clusters. 
C)  quinones. 
D)  flavin mononucleotide. 
E)  acetyl-S-CoA. 
A)  heme 
B)  [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] iron-sulfur clusters. 
C)  quinones. 
D)  flavin mononucleotide. 
E)  acetyl-S-CoA.

Question 6

Electron donors for anaerobic photosystem I in green sulfur bacteria and chloroflexi include the following, EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  H₂S. 
B)  HS.- 
C)  H₂. 
D)  H₂O. 
E)  Fe2+. 
A)  H₂S. 
B)  HS.- 
C)  H₂. 
D)  H₂O. 
E)  Fe2+.

Question 7

The chlorophyll chromophore consists of a heteroaromatic ring complexed to a __________ ion.

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  chloride 
C)  magnesium 
D)  manganese 
E)  potassium 
A)  calcium 
B)  chloride 
C)  magnesium 
D)  manganese 
E)  potassium

Question 8

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the ETS in Escherichia coli?

Accepted Answer

A)  NDH-1 is the main initial substrate oxydoreductase; NDH-2 is an alternative NADH dehydrogenase. 
B)  It pumps 10-12 protons per NADH. 
C)  It pumps 2-8 protons per NADH. 
D)  The main terminal oxidase is the cytochrome bo quinol oxidase, which contains heme b, heme O3, and Cu. 
E)  An alternative cytochrome bd quinol oxidase has a higher affinity for oxygen than other terminal oxidases and allows E. coli growth in low-O₂ habitats. 
A)  NDH-1 is the main initial substrate oxydoreductase; NDH-2 is an alternative NADH dehydrogenase. 
B)  It pumps 10-12 protons per NADH. 
C)  It pumps 2-8 protons per NADH. 
D)  The main terminal oxidase is the cytochrome bo quinol oxidase, which contains heme b, heme O3, and Cu. 
E)  An alternative cytochrome bd quinol oxidase has a higher affinity for oxygen than other terminal oxidases and allows E. coli growth in low-O₂ habitats.

Question 9

The organism __________ is also known as "the bacterium that eats everything." It conducts photoheterotrophy and fixes nitrogen as ammonium while generating H₂. It also produces ATP via cyclic photophosphorylation in photosystem II.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum 
B)  Nitrobacter winogradskyi 
C)  Bradyrhizobium japonicum 
D)  Rhodopseudomonas palustris 
E)  Brucella pinnipedialis 
A)  Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum 
B)  Nitrobacter winogradskyi 
C)  Bradyrhizobium japonicum 
D)  Rhodopseudomonas palustris 
E)  Brucella pinnipedialis

Question 10

Describe the role of the thylakoids in purple bacteria and cyanobacteria. Why is it that pumping protons into the lumen is essentially equivalent to pumping protons out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

In bacteria, thylakoids are invagination

Question 11

The reduction of U⁶⁺ to U⁴⁺ by Geobacter metallireducens is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilatory metal reduction. 
B)  fermentation. 
C)  dissimilatory metal reduction. 
D)  organotrophy. 
E)  lithotrophy. 
A)  assimilatory metal reduction. 
B)  fermentation. 
C)  dissimilatory metal reduction. 
D)  organotrophy. 
E)  lithotrophy.

Question 12

Which of the following substrates is an electron donor in organotrophy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fe2+ 
B)  succinate 
C)  NO₂ 
D)  H₂ 
E)  H₂O 
A)  Fe2+ 
B)  succinate 
C)  NO₂ 
D)  H₂ 
E)  H₂O

Question 13

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the electron transfer system in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  The subunits of cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex IV) are associated to eukaryotic proteins. 
B)  Oxidation of NADH + H+ contributes to the formation of a larger Dp. 
C)  The initial oxidoreductase, the NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), pumps more protons than the NDH-1 in Escherichia coli. 
D)  The succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) contributes to Dp by pumping protons onto the intermembrane space. 
E)  The ETS of some bacteria, such as Paracoccus denitrificans, are organized in a manner similar to that of mitochondria. 
A)  The subunits of cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex IV) are associated to eukaryotic proteins. 
B)  Oxidation of NADH + H+ contributes to the formation of a larger Dp. 
C)  The initial oxidoreductase, the NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), pumps more protons than the NDH-1 in Escherichia coli. 
D)  The succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) contributes to Dp by pumping protons onto the intermembrane space. 
E)  The ETS of some bacteria, such as Paracoccus denitrificans, are organized in a manner similar to that of mitochondria.

Question 14

Sulfolobus species produce __________; as a result, their immediate environment has a pH __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  H₂SO₄; as low as 2 
B)  H3PO4; as low as 3 
C)  HCl; of 1 
D)  CH3COOH; of 4 
E)  HCOOH; of 3 
A)  H₂SO₄; as low as 2 
B)  H3PO4; as low as 3 
C)  HCl; of 1 
D)  CH3COOH; of 4 
E)  HCOOH; of 3

Question 15

The direction of the proton current in the chloroplast F₁Fₒ ATP synthase during ATP synthesis is from

Accepted Answer

A)  stroma to cytoplasm. 
B)  cytoplasm to stroma. 
C)  lumen to stroma. 
D)  stroma to lumen. 
E)  one thylakoid to another through their lumen. 
A)  stroma to cytoplasm. 
B)  cytoplasm to stroma. 
C)  lumen to stroma. 
D)  stroma to lumen. 
E)  one thylakoid to another through their lumen.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a redox pair?

Accepted Answer

A)  fumarate/succinate 
B)  NADH + H+/NAD 
C)  H₂S/H₂O 
D)  quinone/quinol (Q/QH₂) 
E)  FAD/FADH₂ 
A)  fumarate/succinate 
B)  NADH + H+/NAD 
C)  H₂S/H₂O 
D)  quinone/quinol (Q/QH₂) 
E)  FAD/FADH₂

Question 17

Cyanobacteria have __________-based photosynthesis and are the only __________-producing bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A)  H₂S; S0 
B)  Mg2+; NO 
C)  H₂O; O₂ 
D)  succinate; O₂ 
E)  fumarate; O₂ 
A)  H₂S; S0 
B)  Mg2+; NO 
C)  H₂O; O₂ 
D)  succinate; O₂ 
E)  fumarate; O₂

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respirations?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrate 
B)  nitrite 
C)  hydrogen sulfide 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  sulfate 
A)  nitrate 
B)  nitrite 
C)  hydrogen sulfide 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  sulfate

Question 19

In a redox reaction, the reduction potential E depends on the ratio of product concentrations ([C] and [D]) to reactant concentrations ([A]  and  [B]), as per equation E  =  E°'  -  60  (mV/n)  log  [C][D]/[A][B]. What would be the effect of increasing the ratio of products to reactants by a factor of 10?

Accepted Answer

A)  No effect: E°' assumes 1-M concentrations of reactants and products. 
B)  A change of -60 mV will not modify the estimate of E. 
C)  The value of E will decrease by 60 mV, decreasing energy yield. 
D)  The value of E will increase by 60 mV, increasing energy yield. 
E)  The E°' term is unaffected by changes in concentrations of products or reactants. 
A)  No effect: E°' assumes 1-M concentrations of reactants and products. 
B)  A change of -60 mV will not modify the estimate of E. 
C)  The value of E will decrease by 60 mV, decreasing energy yield. 
D)  The value of E will increase by 60 mV, increasing energy yield. 
E)  The E°' term is unaffected by changes in concentrations of products or reactants.

Question 20

Use the figure below to describe Peter Mitchell's chemiosmotic model for coupling the electron transfer system with ATP synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the figure below to describe Peter...

Exam 14: Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

The anammox reaction consists of __________ and, as a consequence, __________.

Some respiratory bacteria, such as the nitrate oxidizer, nitospira, pack their ETS within intracytoplasmic pockets called

The Fₒ portion of Escherichia coli ATP synthase that rotates while translocating protons is

Which of the following is FALSE regarding dehalorespiration?

The following groups or molecules are components of electron transport systems, EXCEPT

Electron donors for anaerobic photosystem I in green sulfur bacteria and chloroflexi include the following, EXCEPT

The chlorophyll chromophore consists of a heteroaromatic ring complexed to a __________ ion.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the ETS in Escherichia coli?

The organism __________ is also known as "the bacterium that eats everything." It conducts photoheterotrophy and fixes nitrogen as ammonium while generating H₂. It also produces ATP via cyclic photophosphorylation in photosystem II.

Describe the role of the thylakoids in purple bacteria and cyanobacteria. Why is it that pumping protons into the lumen is essentially equivalent to pumping protons out of the cell?

The reduction of U⁶⁺ to U⁴⁺ by Geobacter metallireducens is an example of

Which of the following substrates is an electron donor in organotrophy?

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the electron transfer system in mitochondria?

Sulfolobus species produce __________; as a result, their immediate environment has a pH __________.

The direction of the proton current in the chloroplast F₁Fₒ ATP synthase during ATP synthesis is from

Which of the following is NOT a redox pair?

Cyanobacteria have __________-based photosynthesis and are the only __________-producing bacteria.

Which of the following is NOT a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respirations?

In a redox reaction, the reduction potential E depends on the ratio of product concentrations ([C] and [D]) to reactant concentrations ([A] and [B]), as per equation E = E°' - 60 (mV/n) log [C][D]/[A][B]. What would be the effect of increasing the ratio of products to reactants by a factor of 10?

Use the figure below to describe Peter Mitchell's chemiosmotic model for coupling the electron transfer system with ATP synthesis.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

The anammox reaction consists of and, as a consequence, .

Sulfolobus species produce ; as a result, their immediate environment has a pH .

Cyanobacteria have -based photosynthesis and are the only -producing bacteria.