Question 1

Which of the following molecules would you expect to have the most free energy per gram?

Accepted Answer

A) one with carbon and hydrogen atoms only 
B) one with carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen atoms only 
C) one with a variety of atoms that are found in cells 
D) one with hydrogen and oxygen atoms only 
A) one with carbon and hydrogen atoms only 
B) one with carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen atoms only 
C) one with a variety of atoms that are found in cells 
D) one with hydrogen and oxygen atoms only

Question 2

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?

Accepted Answer

A) chitin 
B) cellulose 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) amylose 
A) chitin 
B) cellulose 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) amylose

Question 3

What is the difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

A) the number of carbons 
B) the position of the hydroxyl groups 
C) the position of the carbonyl group 
D) one is a ring form,the other is a linear chain 
A) the number of carbons 
B) the position of the hydroxyl groups 
C) the position of the carbonyl group 
D) one is a ring form,the other is a linear chain

Question 4

Which of the following do starch and cellulose have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) the type of glycosidic linkage used 
B) the size of their monosaccharide subunits 
C) the amount of hydrogen bonding that occurs between parallel strands 
D) their main function in plants 
A) the type of glycosidic linkage used 
B) the size of their monosaccharide subunits 
C) the amount of hydrogen bonding that occurs between parallel strands 
D) their main function in plants

Question 5

How is carbohydrate use similar or different between plants and animals? Select the true statement below.

Accepted Answer

A) In animals,carbohydrates have mainly a structural role,while in plants,carbohydrates are mainly used to store energy. 
B) Carbohydrates catalyze reactions in both animals and plants. 
C) Carbohydrates play a structural role in some types of animals and in all plants. 
D) None of answers A-C are correct. 
A) In animals,carbohydrates have mainly a structural role,while in plants,carbohydrates are mainly used to store energy. 
B) Carbohydrates catalyze reactions in both animals and plants. 
C) Carbohydrates play a structural role in some types of animals and in all plants. 
D) None of answers A-C are correct.

Question 6

Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)has a single carbonyl group (-C=O)in its linear form.Based on the number of oxygen atoms in glucose,how many hydroxyl groups (-OH)would you expect glucose to have?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 5 
C) 3 
D) 1 
A) 6 
B) 5 
C) 3 
D) 1

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why "carbs" (carbohydrates)are advertised by manufacturers of candy bars and sports drinks as a "quick energy boost"?

Accepted Answer

A) The energy in them can be stored as fat,which has high energy per unit weight. 
B) The carbons in carbs are rich in energy because they are highly oxidized. 
C) Carbs are reduced molecules that have high-energy electrons. 
D) This is an advertising gimmick that has no scientific evidence to support it. 
A) The energy in them can be stored as fat,which has high energy per unit weight. 
B) The carbons in carbs are rich in energy because they are highly oxidized. 
C) Carbs are reduced molecules that have high-energy electrons. 
D) This is an advertising gimmick that has no scientific evidence to support it.

Question 8

Use the following paragraph to answer the corresponding question(s).
Masatomo Kawakubo et al.reported in Science in August 2004 that the human stomach contains a natural,carbohydrate-based antibiotic that probably protects a large portion of the population from various diseases caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.This bacterium has been linked to peptic ulcers,gastritis,and stomach cancer.This naturally occurring antibiotic is described by Kawakubo as having a terminal α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (NAG),and it acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of a major component of the cell wall in H.pylori.[Source: M.Kawakubo et al. ,Science 305 (2004): 1003.]
-In what way do carbohydrates contain and/or display information for cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Carbohydrates store information in the nucleus. 
B) Carbohydrates contain and display information at the cell surface. 
C) Carbohydrates display information in order to bond to substrates and catalyze reactions. 
D) Actually,carbohydrates have no role in containing or displaying information for cells. 
A) Carbohydrates store information in the nucleus. 
B) Carbohydrates contain and display information at the cell surface. 
C) Carbohydrates display information in order to bond to substrates and catalyze reactions. 
D) Actually,carbohydrates have no role in containing or displaying information for cells.

Question 9

Use the following paragraph to answer the corresponding question(s).
Masatomo Kawakubo et al.reported in Science in August 2004 that the human stomach contains a natural,carbohydrate-based antibiotic that probably protects a large portion of the population from various diseases caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.This bacterium has been linked to peptic ulcers,gastritis,and stomach cancer.This naturally occurring antibiotic is described by Kawakubo as having a terminal α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (NAG),and it acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of a major component of the cell wall in H.pylori.[Source: M.Kawakubo et al. ,Science 305 (2004): 1003.]
-Which of the following structures is most consistent with Kawakubo's description of this antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 10

Which of these best reflects the following relationship:
Monosaccharide versus polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose versus glycogen 
B) glucose versus fructose 
C) 1,4-glycosidic linkage versus 1,6-glycosidic linkage 
D) α-linkage versus β-linkage 
A) glucose versus glycogen 
B) glucose versus fructose 
C) 1,4-glycosidic linkage versus 1,6-glycosidic linkage 
D) α-linkage versus β-linkage

Exam 5: An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Which of the following molecules would you expect to have the most free energy per gram?

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?

What is the difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar?

Which of the following do starch and cellulose have in common?

How is carbohydrate use similar or different between plants and animals? Select the true statement below.

Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)has a single carbonyl group (-C=O)in its linear form.Based on the number of oxygen atoms in glucose,how many hydroxyl groups (-OH)would you expect glucose to have?

Which of the following best explains why "carbs" (carbohydrates)are advertised by manufacturers of candy bars and sports drinks as a "quick energy boost"?

Which of these best reflects the following relationship: Monosaccharide versus polysaccharide?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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