Question 1

Figure 50.1
  
-In Figure 50.1,which number would designate the biome with the highest variation in annual precipitation?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 2

Which of the following is not a biotic component of a burrow community?

Accepted Answer

A) the different species living in the burrow 
B) the population of each species in the burrow 
C) the air quality of the burrow 
D) the food sources in the burrow 
A) the different species living in the burrow 
B) the population of each species in the burrow 
C) the air quality of the burrow 
D) the food sources in the burrow

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding altitude and climate is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The presence of mountain ranges tends to produce extremes in precipitation. 
B) Rain shadows may appear on one side of a mountain range. 
C) The higher the altitude,the cooler the climate. 
D) Both sides of a mountain range generally receive equal amounts of precipitation. 
E) Species composition on different sides of a mountain range are often different from each other. 
A) The presence of mountain ranges tends to produce extremes in precipitation. 
B) Rain shadows may appear on one side of a mountain range. 
C) The higher the altitude,the cooler the climate. 
D) Both sides of a mountain range generally receive equal amounts of precipitation. 
E) Species composition on different sides of a mountain range are often different from each other.

Question 4

Use the following abstract from the International Journal of Climatology to answer the corresponding question(s).
Abstract:
The rainfall associated with the Indian summer monsoon shows large intraseasonal and interannual variability.Break-monsoon conditions are one of the important epochs of the monsoon,and they contribute significantly to the intraseasonal variability of the monsoon.The National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data sets are used to investigate the significant energy budget terms during the pre-break (5 days prior to the commencement of the break),break and post-break (5 days after the cessation of the break)periods.In the present study,certain dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the monsoon circulation during break-monsoon conditions are investigated.The important terms in the various energy budget equations are analysed between the surface and 100 hPa for the break and its departures from pre- and post-break for the period 1968-96.The statistical significance of these departures is also examined by Student's t-test at the 95% confidence level.The volume integral of the budget terms is also examined in four sectors,i.e. ,the Arabian Sea,Bay of Bengal,northern India and central India.Significant changes in the wind field and vorticity at 850 hPa take place in the monsoon trough zone,coastal regions of the western coast of India and the southwestern Bay of Bengal of the southern Indian coast.The vertically upward rising arm of the Hadley cell weakens during the break phase.The strong flux convergence of kinetic energy in the central Arabian Sea and flux divergence in the northeastern Bay of Bengal weakens during pre- and post-break periods.Significant changes in the diabatic heating horizontal flux of heat and moisture are observed in the monsoon trough zone,central and northwestern Bay of Bengal.The Bay of Bengal and central India sectors show higher magnitudes and changes in respect of dynamic and thermodynamic parameters compared with the Arabian Sea and northern India.
-The rainfall associated with the Indian summer monsoon shows a large intraseasonal and interannual variability.Break-monsoon conditions are one of the most important epochs of the monsoon,and they contribute significantly to the intraseasonal variability of the monsoon.Given what you know about the Hadley cell,how would it have to change to produce this break phase in the monsoon (Bhatla et al. ,2004)?

Accepted Answer

A) The downward arm of Hadley cell strengthens. 
B) The upward arm of Hadley cell strengthens. 
C) The downward arm of Hadley cell weakens. 
D) The upward arm of Hadley cell weakens. 
E) No change is needed in the Hadley cell to produce the break phase. 
A) The downward arm of Hadley cell strengthens. 
B) The upward arm of Hadley cell strengthens. 
C) The downward arm of Hadley cell weakens. 
D) The upward arm of Hadley cell weakens. 
E) No change is needed in the Hadley cell to produce the break phase.

Question 5

A fish species known for its success in the aphotic zone would likely not have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A) symbioses with photosynthetic organisms 
B) highly developed chemoreception 
C) adaptations for burrowing 
D) adaptations for sit-and-wait predation 
A) symbioses with photosynthetic organisms 
B) highly developed chemoreception 
C) adaptations for burrowing 
D) adaptations for sit-and-wait predation

Question 6

A fish swimming into a bog environment in Ohio would likely have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

Accepted Answer

A) The low oxygen content would make it difficult for the fish to swim aerobically. 
B) The low nitrogen content would make it difficult for the fish to synthesize proteins. 
C) The high temperature would stress the fish by denaturing its proteins. 
D) The high water flow would make the fish expend more energy. 
E) The high methane content would make respiration difficult. 
A) The low oxygen content would make it difficult for the fish to swim aerobically. 
B) The low nitrogen content would make it difficult for the fish to synthesize proteins. 
C) The high temperature would stress the fish by denaturing its proteins. 
D) The high water flow would make the fish expend more energy. 
E) The high methane content would make respiration difficult.

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding temperate grasslands is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Prairie fires can result from lightning strikes. 
B) Grassland soils are not very fertile. 
C) Grasslands are lower in productivity than tropical forest communities. 
D) Grasslands have too little precipitation to support abundant tree growth. 
A) Prairie fires can result from lightning strikes. 
B) Grassland soils are not very fertile. 
C) Grasslands are lower in productivity than tropical forest communities. 
D) Grasslands have too little precipitation to support abundant tree growth.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding turnover is true?

Accepted Answer

A) In fall turnover,dense water at 4°C sinks and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone. 
B) In fall turnover,dense water at 4°C rises and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone. 
C) The surface water gets to 4°C only by cooling. 
D) Fall turnovers and spring turnovers are exactly the same. 
A) In fall turnover,dense water at 4°C sinks and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone. 
B) In fall turnover,dense water at 4°C rises and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone. 
C) The surface water gets to 4°C only by cooling. 
D) Fall turnovers and spring turnovers are exactly the same.

Question 9

In which terrestrial area is global warming most likely to allow coniferous trees to encroach?

Accepted Answer

A) tropical wet forests 
B) arctic tundra 
C) temperate forests 
D) boreal forests 
A) tropical wet forests 
B) arctic tundra 
C) temperate forests 
D) boreal forests

Question 10

Which is a likely biotic factor limiting songbird distribution in Hawaii to alpine habitats?

Accepted Answer

A) temperature 
B) oxygen content 
C) moisture 
D) insects causing fatal diseases in songbirds at lower altitudes 
A) temperature 
B) oxygen content 
C) moisture 
D) insects causing fatal diseases in songbirds at lower altitudes

Question 11

According to the latest hypotheses,why do evergreens predominate in cold environments?

Accepted Answer

A) Evergreens begin photosynthesizing in early spring,even before the snow melts. 
B) Evergreens do not shed their leaves and thus do not need as many soil nutrients. 
C) Evergreens photosynthesize all year round. 
D) Evergreens begin photosynthesizing in early spring,even before the snow melts.Evergreens do not shed their leaves and thus do not need as many soil nutrients. 
E) Evergreens do not shed their leaves and thus do not need as many soil nutrients.Evergreens photosynthesize all year round. 
A) Evergreens begin photosynthesizing in early spring,even before the snow melts. 
B) Evergreens do not shed their leaves and thus do not need as many soil nutrients. 
C) Evergreens photosynthesize all year round. 
D) Evergreens begin photosynthesizing in early spring,even before the snow melts.Evergreens do not shed their leaves and thus do not need as many soil nutrients. 
E) Evergreens do not shed their leaves and thus do not need as many soil nutrients.Evergreens photosynthesize all year round.

Question 12

What happens to animal and plant diversity as latitude decreases?

Accepted Answer

A) Animal and plant diversity increases. 
B) Animal and plant diversity decreases. 
C) Animal and plant diversity is not affected by latitudinal changes. 
D) Animal and plant diversity increases in variation per unit area. 
E) Animal and plant diversity decreases in variation per unit area. 
A) Animal and plant diversity increases. 
B) Animal and plant diversity decreases. 
C) Animal and plant diversity is not affected by latitudinal changes. 
D) Animal and plant diversity increases in variation per unit area. 
E) Animal and plant diversity decreases in variation per unit area.

Question 13

Which abiotic factor would have the most significant physiological effect on migrating salmon?

Accepted Answer

A) water solute content 
B) competition for resources 
C) ambient temperature 
D) human-built structural interferences 
A) water solute content 
B) competition for resources 
C) ambient temperature 
D) human-built structural interferences

Question 14

If the Earth were to reorient such that the North Pole always received direct sunlight (always faced the Sun),how would that change Earth's climate?

Accepted Answer

A) The equators would not change in climate. 
B) The South Pole would get colder. 
C) The equators would get warmer. 
D) The North Pole would get more wind. 
A) The equators would not change in climate. 
B) The South Pole would get colder. 
C) The equators would get warmer. 
D) The North Pole would get more wind.

Question 15

Which of the following terms does not describe aspects of how much plants in a biome grow?

Accepted Answer

A) productivity 
B) net primary productivity 
C) aboveground biomass 
D) photosynthetic quotient 
A) productivity 
B) net primary productivity 
C) aboveground biomass 
D) photosynthetic quotient

Question 16

In the limnetic zone,you are most likely to find which organism?

Accepted Answer

A) lobster 
B) halibut 
C) pike 
D) clam 
A) lobster 
B) halibut 
C) pike 
D) clam

Question 17

Figure 50.2

-Based on the data in Figure 50.2,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Area 1 could be called a boreal forest. 
B) Area 2 could be called a temperate grassland. 
C) Area 1 could be called a tropical wet forest. 
D) Area 2 could be tundra. 
A) Area 1 could be called a boreal forest. 
B) Area 2 could be called a temperate grassland. 
C) Area 1 could be called a tropical wet forest. 
D) Area 2 could be tundra.

Question 18

What is the main reason that climatic conditions on Mercury differ from those on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) planet size 
B) existence of plant life 
C) average distance from the Sun 
D) existence of an atmosphere 
A) planet size 
B) existence of plant life 
C) average distance from the Sun 
D) existence of an atmosphere

Exam 50: An Introduction to Ecology

Figure 50.1 -In Figure 50.1,which number would designate the biome with the highest variation in annual precipitation?

Which of the following is not a biotic component of a burrow community?

Which of the following statements regarding altitude and climate is false?

A fish species known for its success in the aphotic zone would likely not have which of the following characteristics?

A fish swimming into a bog environment in Ohio would likely have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

Which of the following statements regarding temperate grasslands is false?

Which of the following statements regarding turnover is true?

In which terrestrial area is global warming most likely to allow coniferous trees to encroach?

Which is a likely biotic factor limiting songbird distribution in Hawaii to alpine habitats?

According to the latest hypotheses,why do evergreens predominate in cold environments?

What happens to animal and plant diversity as latitude decreases?

Which abiotic factor would have the most significant physiological effect on migrating salmon?

If the Earth were to reorient such that the North Pole always received direct sunlight (always faced the Sun),how would that change Earth's climate?

Which of the following terms does not describe aspects of how much plants in a biome grow?

In the limnetic zone,you are most likely to find which organism?

Figure 50.2 -Based on the data in Figure 50.2,which of the following statements is true?

What is the main reason that climatic conditions on Mercury differ from those on Earth?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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