Question 1

Which of the following is released by platelets in the vicinity of an injury?

Accepted Answer

A) PDGF 
B) MPF 
C) protein kinase 
D) cyclin 
E) Cdk 
A) PDGF 
B) MPF 
C) protein kinase 
D) cyclin 
E) Cdk

Question 2

Which of the following questions might be answered by such a method?

Accepted Answer

A) How many cells are produced by the culture per hour? 
B) What is the length of the S phase of the cell cycle? 
C) When is the S chromosome synthesized? 
D) How many picograms of DNA are made per cell cycle? 
E) When do spindle fibers attach to chromosomes? 
A) How many cells are produced by the culture per hour? 
B) What is the length of the S phase of the cell cycle? 
C) When is the S chromosome synthesized? 
D) How many picograms of DNA are made per cell cycle? 
E) When do spindle fibers attach to chromosomes?

Question 3

What causes the decrease in the amount of cyclin at a specific point in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in production once the restriction point is passed 
B) the cascade of increased production once its protein is phosphorylated by Cdk 
C) the changing ratio of cytoplasm to genome 
D) its destruction by a process initiated by the activity of its complex with a cyclin 
E) the binding of PDGF to receptors on the cell surface 
A) an increase in production once the restriction point is passed 
B) the cascade of increased production once its protein is phosphorylated by Cdk 
C) the changing ratio of cytoplasm to genome 
D) its destruction by a process initiated by the activity of its complex with a cyclin 
E) the binding of PDGF to receptors on the cell surface

Question 4

For a newly evolving protist, what would be the advantage of using eukaryote-like cell division rather than binary fission?

Accepted Answer

A) Binary fission would not allow for the formation of new organisms. 
B) Cell division would allow for the orderly and efficient segregation of multiple linear chromosomes. 
C) Cell division would be faster than binary fission. 
D) Cell division allows for lower rates of error per chromosome replication. 
E) Binary fission would not allow the organism to have complex cells. 
A) Binary fission would not allow for the formation of new organisms. 
B) Cell division would allow for the orderly and efficient segregation of multiple linear chromosomes. 
C) Cell division would be faster than binary fission. 
D) Cell division allows for lower rates of error per chromosome replication. 
E) Binary fission would not allow the organism to have complex cells.

Question 5

If a cell has 8 chromosomes at metaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will it have during anaphase?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 8 
E) 16 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 8 
E) 16

Question 6

What is a chromatid?

Accepted Answer

A) a chromosome in G₁ of the cell cycle 
B) a replicate chromosome 
C) a chromosome found outside the nucleus 
D) a special region that holds two centromeres together 
E) another name for the chromosomes found in genetics 
A) a chromosome in G₁ of the cell cycle 
B) a replicate chromosome 
C) a chromosome found outside the nucleus 
D) a special region that holds two centromeres together 
E) another name for the chromosomes found in genetics

Question 7

The following questions are based on Figure 12.3.
  
-MPF reaches its threshold concentration at the end of this stage.

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV 
E) V 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV 
E) V

Question 8

Figure 12.2  
-If the cell whose nuclear material is shown in Figure 12.2 continues toward completion of mitosis, which of the following events would occur next?

Accepted Answer

A) cell membrane synthesis 
B) spindle fiber formation 
C) nuclear envelope breakdown 
D) formation of telophase nuclei 
E) synthesis of chromatids 
A) cell membrane synthesis 
B) spindle fiber formation 
C) nuclear envelope breakdown 
D) formation of telophase nuclei 
E) synthesis of chromatids

Question 9

What is the most probable hypothesis about these intermediate forms of cell division?

Accepted Answer

A) They represent a form of cell reproduction which must have evolved completely separately from those of other organisms. 
B) They demonstrate that these species are not closely related to any of the other Protists and may well be a different Kingdom. 
C) They rely on totally different proteins for the processes they undergo. 
D) They may be more closely related to plant forms that also have unusual mitosis. 
E) They show some of the evolutionary steps toward complete mitosis but not all. 
A) They represent a form of cell reproduction which must have evolved completely separately from those of other organisms. 
B) They demonstrate that these species are not closely related to any of the other Protists and may well be a different Kingdom. 
C) They rely on totally different proteins for the processes they undergo. 
D) They may be more closely related to plant forms that also have unusual mitosis. 
E) They show some of the evolutionary steps toward complete mitosis but not all.

Question 10

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
The lettered circle in Figure 12.1 shows a diploid nucleus with four chromosomes. There are two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one long and the other short. One haploid set is symbolized as black and the other haploid set is gray. The chromosomes in the unlettered circle have not yet replicated. Choose the correct chromosomal conditions for the following stages.

-at prometaphase of mitosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following information to answer the...

Question 11

Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei re-forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely

Accepted Answer

A) an animal cell in the process of cytokinesis. 
B) a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis. 
C) an animal cell in the S phase of the cell cycle. 
D) a bacterial cell dividing. 
E) a plant cell in metaphase. 
A) an animal cell in the process of cytokinesis. 
B) a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis. 
C) an animal cell in the S phase of the cell cycle. 
D) a bacterial cell dividing. 
E) a plant cell in metaphase.

Question 12

How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G₁ of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. 
B) The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
D) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA. 
E) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and twice the amount of DNA. 
A) The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. 
B) The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
D) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA. 
E) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and twice the amount of DNA.

Question 13

The cyclin component of MPF is destroyed toward the end of this phase:

Accepted Answer

A) G₀ 
B) G₁ 
C) S 
D) G₂ 
E) M 
A) G₀ 
B) G₁ 
C) S 
D) G₂ 
E) M

Question 14

The following questions are based on Figure 12.3.
  
-G₁ is represented by which number(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) I and V 
B) II and IV 
C) III 
D) IV 
E) V 
A) I and V 
B) II and IV 
C) III 
D) IV 
E) V

Question 15

Which is a general term for enzymes that activate or inactivate other proteins by phosphorylating them?

Accepted Answer

A) PDGF 
B) MPF 
C) protein kinase 
D) cyclin 
E) Cdk 
A) PDGF 
B) MPF 
C) protein kinase 
D) cyclin 
E) Cdk

Question 16

The "restriction point" occurs here:

Accepted Answer

A) G₀ 
B) G₁ 
C) S 
D) G₂ 
E) M 
A) G₀ 
B) G₁ 
C) S 
D) G₂ 
E) M

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of those spindle microtubules that do not attach to kinetochores?

Accepted Answer

A) maintaining an appropriate spacing among the moving chromosomes 
B) producing a cleavage furrow when telophase is complete 
C) providing the ATP needed by the fibers attached to kinetochores 
D) maintaining the region of overlap of fibers in the cell's center 
E) pulling the poles of the spindles closer to one another 
A) maintaining an appropriate spacing among the moving chromosomes 
B) producing a cleavage furrow when telophase is complete 
C) providing the ATP needed by the fibers attached to kinetochores 
D) maintaining the region of overlap of fibers in the cell's center 
E) pulling the poles of the spindles closer to one another

Question 18

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
The lettered circle in Figure 12.1 shows a diploid nucleus with four chromosomes. There are two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one long and the other short. One haploid set is symbolized as black and the other haploid set is gray. The chromosomes in the unlettered circle have not yet replicated. Choose the correct chromosomal conditions for the following stages.

-one daughter nucleus at telophase of mitosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following information to answer the...

Question 19

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
The lettered circle in Figure 12.1 shows a diploid nucleus with four chromosomes. There are two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one long and the other short. One haploid set is symbolized as black and the other haploid set is gray. The chromosomes in the unlettered circle have not yet replicated. Choose the correct chromosomal conditions for the following stages.

-Which term describes two centrosomes arranged at opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) telophase 
B) anaphase 
C) prometaphase 
D) metaphase 
E) prophase 
A) telophase 
B) anaphase 
C) prometaphase 
D) metaphase 
E) prophase

Question 20

Chromosomes first become visible during which phase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

A) prometaphase 
B) telophase 
C) prophase 
D) metaphase 
E) anaphase 
A) prometaphase 
B) telophase 
C) prophase 
D) metaphase 
E) anaphase

Exam 12: The Cell Cycle

Which of the following is released by platelets in the vicinity of an injury?

Which of the following questions might be answered by such a method?

What causes the decrease in the amount of cyclin at a specific point in the cell cycle?

For a newly evolving protist, what would be the advantage of using eukaryote-like cell division rather than binary fission?

If a cell has 8 chromosomes at metaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will it have during anaphase?

What is a chromatid?

The following questions are based on Figure 12.3. -MPF reaches its threshold concentration at the end of this stage.

Figure 12.2 -If the cell whose nuclear material is shown in Figure 12.2 continues toward completion of mitosis, which of the following events would occur next?

What is the most probable hypothesis about these intermediate forms of cell division?

Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei re-forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely

How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G₁ of the cell cycle?

The cyclin component of MPF is destroyed toward the end of this phase:

The following questions are based on Figure 12.3. -G₁ is represented by which number(s)?

Which is a general term for enzymes that activate or inactivate other proteins by phosphorylating them?

The "restriction point" occurs here:

Which of the following is a function of those spindle microtubules that do not attach to kinetochores?

Chromosomes first become visible during which phase of mitosis?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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