Question 1

Plants contain meristems whose only function is to

Accepted Answer

A) attract pollinators. 
B) absorb ions. 
C) photosynthesize. 
D) divide. 
E) produce flowers. 
A) attract pollinators. 
B) absorb ions. 
C) photosynthesize. 
D) divide. 
E) produce flowers.

Question 2

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure 35.2.
   
Figure 35.2
-Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?

Accepted Answer

A) vascular cambium 
B) apical meristem 
C) endodermis 
D) phloem 
E) xylem 
A) vascular cambium 
B) apical meristem 
C) endodermis 
D) phloem 
E) xylem

Question 3

Pinching off the tops of snapdragons causes the plants to make many more flowers than they would if left alone. Why does removal of the top cause more flowers to form?

Accepted Answer

A) Removal of an apical meristem causes a phase transition from vegetative to floral development. 
B) Removal of an apical meristem causes cell division to become disorganized, as in the fass mutant of Arabidopsis. 
C) Removal of an apical meristem allows more nutrients to be delivered to floral meristems. 
D) Removal of an apical meristem causes outgrowth of lateral buds that produce extra branches, which ultimately produce flowers. 
E) Removal of an apical meristem allows the periderm to produce new lateral branches. 
A) Removal of an apical meristem causes a phase transition from vegetative to floral development. 
B) Removal of an apical meristem causes cell division to become disorganized, as in the fass mutant of Arabidopsis. 
C) Removal of an apical meristem allows more nutrients to be delivered to floral meristems. 
D) Removal of an apical meristem causes outgrowth of lateral buds that produce extra branches, which ultimately produce flowers. 
E) Removal of an apical meristem allows the periderm to produce new lateral branches.

Question 4

What would be a plant adaptation that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest?

Accepted Answer

A) closing of the stomata 
B) lateral buds 
C) apical dominance 
D) absence of petioles 
E) intercalary meristems 
A) closing of the stomata 
B) lateral buds 
C) apical dominance 
D) absence of petioles 
E) intercalary meristems

Question 5

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure 35.2.
   
Figure 35.2
-While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces colored spots in the sepals of the plant. From this information, what information can be inferred?

Accepted Answer

A) The differently colored plants will attract different pollinating insects. 
B) The RNA probe is transported only to certain tissues. 
C) The colored regions were caused by mutations that occurred in the sepals. 
D) The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals. 
E) More research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis. 
A) The differently colored plants will attract different pollinating insects. 
B) The RNA probe is transported only to certain tissues. 
C) The colored regions were caused by mutations that occurred in the sepals. 
D) The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals. 
E) More research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis.

Question 6

Which of the following arise from lateral meristem activity?

Accepted Answer

A) secondary xylem 
B) leaves 
C) trichomes 
D) tubers 
E) all of the above 
A) secondary xylem 
B) leaves 
C) trichomes 
D) tubers 
E) all of the above

Question 7

Which of the following are the water-conducting cells of xylem, have thick walls, and are dead at functional maturity?

Accepted Answer

A) parenchyma cells 
B) collenchyma cells 
C) clerenchyma cells 
D) tracheids and vessel elements 
E) sieve-tube elements 
A) parenchyma cells 
B) collenchyma cells 
C) clerenchyma cells 
D) tracheids and vessel elements 
E) sieve-tube elements

Question 8

When you eat Brussels sprouts, what are you eating?

Accepted Answer

A) immature flowers 
B) large axillary buds 
C) petioles 
D) storage leaves 
E) storage roots 
A) immature flowers 
B) large axillary buds 
C) petioles 
D) storage leaves 
E) storage roots

Question 9

Which of these are not produced by the vascular cambium?

Accepted Answer

A) sclerenchyma cells 
B) parenchyma cells 
C) sieve-tube elements 
D) root hairs 
E) vessel elements 
A) sclerenchyma cells 
B) parenchyma cells 
C) sieve-tube elements 
D) root hairs 
E) vessel elements

Question 10

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure 35.2.
   
Figure 35.2
-If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem)outward, you would cross, in order,

Accepted Answer

A) the annual rings, phloem, and bark. 
B) the newest xylem, oldest phloem, and periderm. 
C) the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem. 
D) the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium. 
E) the summer wood, bark, and phloem. 
A) the annual rings, phloem, and bark. 
B) the newest xylem, oldest phloem, and periderm. 
C) the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem. 
D) the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium. 
E) the summer wood, bark, and phloem.

Question 11

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)the number of growth rings of a 10-year-old tree from the northern hemisphere
(B)the number of growth rings of a 10-year-old tree from the tropics

Accepted Answer

A) Item (
A) is greater than item (
B) . 
B) Item (
A) is less than item (
B) . 
C) Item (
A) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (
B) . 
D) Item (
A) may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (
B) . 
A) Item (
A) is greater than item (
B) . 
B) Item (
A) is less than item (
B) . 
C) Item (
A) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (
B) . 
D) Item (
A) may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (
B) .

Question 12

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that

Accepted Answer

A) only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem. 
B) the cells of roots have cell walls and leaf cells do not. 
C) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent in roots. 
D) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves. 
E) leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not. 
A) only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem. 
B) the cells of roots have cell walls and leaf cells do not. 
C) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent in roots. 
D) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves. 
E) leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not.

Question 13

The type of mature cell that a particular embryonic plant cell will become appears to be determined mainly by

Accepted Answer

A) the selective loss of genes. 
B) the cell's final position in a developing organ. 
C) the cell's pattern of migration. 
D) the cell's age. 
E) the cell's particular meristematic lineage. 
A) the selective loss of genes. 
B) the cell's final position in a developing organ. 
C) the cell's pattern of migration. 
D) the cell's age. 
E) the cell's particular meristematic lineage.

Question 14

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)the probability of damage by beetles to developing soybean pods with 10 trichomes per square mm
(B)the probability of damage by beetles to developing soybean pods with 2 trichomes per square mm

Accepted Answer

A) Item (
A) is greater than item (
B) . 
B) Item (
A) is less than item (
B) . 
C) Item (
A) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (
B) . 
D) Item (
A) may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (
B) . 
A) Item (
A) is greater than item (
B) . 
B) Item (
A) is less than item (
B) . 
C) Item (
A) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (
B) . 
D) Item (
A) may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (
B) .

Question 15

Which of the following are relatively unspecialized cells that retain the ability to divide and perform most of the plant's metabolic functions of synthesis and storage?

Accepted Answer

A) parenchyma cells 
B) collenchyma cells 
C) clerenchyma cells 
D) tracheids and vessel elements 
E) sieve-tube elements 
A) parenchyma cells 
B) collenchyma cells 
C) clerenchyma cells 
D) tracheids and vessel elements 
E) sieve-tube elements

Question 16

Which of the following is derived from the ground tissue system?

Accepted Answer

A) root hairs 
B) cuticle 
C) periderm 
D) pith 
E) phloem 
A) root hairs 
B) cuticle 
C) periderm 
D) pith 
E) phloem

Question 17

Which of the following is not part of an older tree's bark?

Accepted Answer

A) cork 
B) cork cambium 
C) lenticels 
D) secondary xylem 
E) secondary phloem 
A) cork 
B) cork cambium 
C) lenticels 
D) secondary xylem 
E) secondary phloem

Question 18

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure 35.2.
   
Figure 35.2
-According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels?

Accepted Answer

A) A genes only. 
B) B genes only. 
C) C genes only. 
D) A and B genes only. 
E) A and C genes only. 
A) A genes only. 
B) B genes only. 
C) C genes only. 
D) A and B genes only. 
E) A and C genes only.

Question 19

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure 35.2.
   
Figure 35.2
-A leaf primordium is initiated as a small mound of tissue on the flank of a dome-shaped shoot apical meristem. The earliest physical evidence of the site of a newly forming leaf primordium would be

Accepted Answer

A) development of chloroplasts in a surface cell of the shoot apical meristem. 
B) cell division in the shoot apical meristem with the newly forming walls perpendicular to the surface of the meristem. 
C) pre-prophase bands parallel to the surface of the meristem in subsurface cells of the shoot apical meristem. 
D) elongation of epidermal cells perpendicular to the surface of the shoot apical meristem. 
E) formation of stomata in the epidermal layer of the shoot apical meristem. 
A) development of chloroplasts in a surface cell of the shoot apical meristem. 
B) cell division in the shoot apical meristem with the newly forming walls perpendicular to the surface of the meristem. 
C) pre-prophase bands parallel to the surface of the meristem in subsurface cells of the shoot apical meristem. 
D) elongation of epidermal cells perpendicular to the surface of the shoot apical meristem. 
E) formation of stomata in the epidermal layer of the shoot apical meristem.

Question 20

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is due primarily to

Accepted Answer

A) continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root. 
B) continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem. 
C) elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem. 
D) A and B only. 
E) A, B, and C. 
A) continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root. 
B) continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem. 
C) elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem. 
D) A and B only. 
E) A, B, and C.

Exam 35: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Plants contain meristems whose only function is to

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure 35.2. Figure 35.2 -Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?

Pinching off the tops of snapdragons causes the plants to make many more flowers than they would if left alone. Why does removal of the top cause more flowers to form?

What would be a plant adaptation that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest?

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure 35.2. Figure 35.2 -While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces colored spots in the sepals of the plant. From this information, what information can be inferred?

Which of the following arise from lateral meristem activity?

Which of the following are the water-conducting cells of xylem, have thick walls, and are dead at functional maturity?

When you eat Brussels sprouts, what are you eating?

Which of these are not produced by the vascular cambium?

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure 35.2. Figure 35.2 -If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem)outward, you would cross, in order,

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)the number of growth rings of a 10-year-old tree from the northern hemisphere (B)the number of growth rings of a 10-year-old tree from the tropics

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that

The type of mature cell that a particular embryonic plant cell will become appears to be determined mainly by

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)the probability of damage by beetles to developing soybean pods with 10 trichomes per square mm (B)the probability of damage by beetles to developing soybean pods with 2 trichomes per square mm

Which of the following are relatively unspecialized cells that retain the ability to divide and perform most of the plant's metabolic functions of synthesis and storage?

Which of the following is derived from the ground tissue system?

Which of the following is not part of an older tree's bark?

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure 35.2. Figure 35.2 -According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels?

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is due primarily to

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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