Question 1

The lining of the smallest tubules in the kidneys is composed of

Accepted Answer

A) connective tissue. 
B) smooth muscle cells. 
C) neural tissue. 
D) epithelial tissue. 
E) adipose tissue. 
A) connective tissue. 
B) smooth muscle cells. 
C) neural tissue. 
D) epithelial tissue. 
E) adipose tissue.

Question 2

The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the

Accepted Answer

A) medulla oblongata. 
B) thyroid gland. 
C) hypothalamus. 
D) subcutaneous layer of the skin. 
E) liver. 
A) medulla oblongata. 
B) thyroid gland. 
C) hypothalamus. 
D) subcutaneous layer of the skin. 
E) liver.

Question 3

The following questions refer to Figure 40.1.
   
Figure 40.1
-What does the difference in temperature between arteries and veins in the goose's legs indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) The legs need to be kept cool so that muscles will function well. 
B) The feet need to be kept at the same temperature as the abdomen so that the feet do not freeze in water. 
C) Minimizing the temperature difference between the feet and the abdomen means the goose will lose less heat. 
D) The arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen, compared to its temperature in the feet of the goose. 
E) The goose's feet function well even when their temperature falls below freezing. 
A) The legs need to be kept cool so that muscles will function well. 
B) The feet need to be kept at the same temperature as the abdomen so that the feet do not freeze in water. 
C) Minimizing the temperature difference between the feet and the abdomen means the goose will lose less heat. 
D) The arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen, compared to its temperature in the feet of the goose. 
E) The goose's feet function well even when their temperature falls below freezing.

Question 4

Positive feedback has occurred when

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that stores sugar as glycogen. 
B) a decrease in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that converts glycogen to glucose. 
C) a nursing infant's sucking increases the secretion of a milk-releasing hormone in the mother. 
D) an increase in calcium concentration increases the secretion of a hormone that stores calcium in bone. 
E) a decrease in blood calcium increases the amount of the hormone that releases calcium from bone. 
A) an increase in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that stores sugar as glycogen. 
B) a decrease in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that converts glycogen to glucose. 
C) a nursing infant's sucking increases the secretion of a milk-releasing hormone in the mother. 
D) an increase in calcium concentration increases the secretion of a hormone that stores calcium in bone. 
E) a decrease in blood calcium increases the amount of the hormone that releases calcium from bone.

Question 5

For an adult human female, the metabolic "costs" of pregnancy and lactation are

Accepted Answer

A) 100 -125% more than when she was non-pregnant. 
B) 30-40% more than when she was non-pregnant. 
C) 5-8% more than when she was non-pregnant. 
D) 10-20% less than when she was non-pregnant. 
E) 30-40% less than when she was non-pregnant. 
A) 100 -125% more than when she was non-pregnant. 
B) 30-40% more than when she was non-pregnant. 
C) 5-8% more than when she was non-pregnant. 
D) 10-20% less than when she was non-pregnant. 
E) 30-40% less than when she was non-pregnant.

Question 6

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

Accepted Answer

A) positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental. 
B) the effector's response in positive feedback is in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. 
C) the effector's response increases some parameter (such as temperature), whereas in negative feedback it decreases. 
D) positive feedback systems have only effectors, whereas negative feedback systems have only receptors. 
E) positive feedback systems have control centers that are lacking in negative feedback systems. 
A) positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental. 
B) the effector's response in positive feedback is in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. 
C) the effector's response increases some parameter (such as temperature), whereas in negative feedback it decreases. 
D) positive feedback systems have only effectors, whereas negative feedback systems have only receptors. 
E) positive feedback systems have control centers that are lacking in negative feedback systems.

Question 7

The epithelium best adapted for a body surface subject to abrasion is

Accepted Answer

A) simple squamous. 
B) simple cuboidal. 
C) simple columnar. 
D) stratified columnar. 
E) stratified squamous. 
A) simple squamous. 
B) simple cuboidal. 
C) simple columnar. 
D) stratified columnar. 
E) stratified squamous.

Question 8

The best time to measure an animal's basal metabolic rate is when the animal

Accepted Answer

A) is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day. 
B) is resting and has just completed its first meal of the day. 
C) has recently eaten a sugar-free meal. 
D) has not consumed any water for at least 48 hours. 
E) has just completed 30 minutes of vigorous exercise. 
A) is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day. 
B) is resting and has just completed its first meal of the day. 
C) has recently eaten a sugar-free meal. 
D) has not consumed any water for at least 48 hours. 
E) has just completed 30 minutes of vigorous exercise.

Question 9

Draw a model of the control loop(s)required for driving an automobile at a fairly constant speed over a hilly road. Assuming either a driver or a cruise control device is the control center, indicated each feature that represents a sensor, input, or response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw a model of the control loop(s)required...

Question 10

"Winter acclimatization" in mammals can include

Accepted Answer

A) the production of antifreeze compounds within cells. 
B) the production of enzymes that have lower temperature optima. 
C) hibernation through the season of extreme cold. 
D) changing the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fats in cell membranes. 
E) the denaturation of proteins that cannot withstand extreme temperature. 
A) the production of antifreeze compounds within cells. 
B) the production of enzymes that have lower temperature optima. 
C) hibernation through the season of extreme cold. 
D) changing the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fats in cell membranes. 
E) the denaturation of proteins that cannot withstand extreme temperature.

Question 11

Bones are held together at joints by

Accepted Answer

A) cartilage. 
B) osteons. 
C) loose connective tissue. 
D) tendons. 
E) ligaments. 
A) cartilage. 
B) osteons. 
C) loose connective tissue. 
D) tendons. 
E) ligaments.

Question 12

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by

Accepted Answer

A) cardiac muscles. 
B) smooth muscles. 
C) voluntary muscles. 
D) striated muscles. 
E) skeletal muscles. 
A) cardiac muscles. 
B) smooth muscles. 
C) voluntary muscles. 
D) striated muscles. 
E) skeletal muscles.

Question 13

Interstitial fluid

Accepted Answer

A) is the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. 
B) is the internal environment found inside an animal's cells. 
C) is composed of blood. 
D) provides for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells. 
E) is found inside the small intestine. 
A) is the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. 
B) is the internal environment found inside an animal's cells. 
C) is composed of blood. 
D) provides for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells. 
E) is found inside the small intestine.

Question 14

Similar fusiform body shapes are seen in sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals because

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection has no limits when different organisms face the same challenge. 
B) respiration through gills is enhanced by having a fusiform shape. 
C) the laws of physics constrain the shapes that are possible for aquatic animals that swim very fast. 
D) the fusiform shape is coded by the same gene in all three types of animals. 
E) all three types evolved from ancestral forms that fly in the air. 
A) natural selection has no limits when different organisms face the same challenge. 
B) respiration through gills is enhanced by having a fusiform shape. 
C) the laws of physics constrain the shapes that are possible for aquatic animals that swim very fast. 
D) the fusiform shape is coded by the same gene in all three types of animals. 
E) all three types evolved from ancestral forms that fly in the air.

Question 15

A matrix of connective tissue is apparent in

Accepted Answer

A) chondroitin sulfate of cartilage. 
B) actin and myosin of muscle. 
C) adipose deposits. 
D) nervous tissues. 
E) spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells. 
A) chondroitin sulfate of cartilage. 
B) actin and myosin of muscle. 
C) adipose deposits. 
D) nervous tissues. 
E) spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells.

Question 16

Ingested foods in snakes are typically digested by

Accepted Answer

A) biosynthesis. 
B) enzymatic hydrolysis. 
C) uric acid. 
D) chemiosmosis. 
E) metabolic heat. 
A) biosynthesis. 
B) enzymatic hydrolysis. 
C) uric acid. 
D) chemiosmosis. 
E) metabolic heat.

Question 17

Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of

Accepted Answer

A) conduction. 
B) convection. 
C) radiation. 
D) evaporation. 
E) metabolism. 
A) conduction. 
B) convection. 
C) radiation. 
D) evaporation. 
E) metabolism.

Question 18

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when

Accepted Answer

A) the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 45°C. 
B) the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise. 
C) a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water. 
D) the blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood volume. 
E) the level of glucose in the blood is abnormally high whether or not a meal has been eaten. 
A) the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 45°C. 
B) the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise. 
C) a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water. 
D) the blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood volume. 
E) the level of glucose in the blood is abnormally high whether or not a meal has been eaten.

Question 19

Which of the following is not an adaptation for reducing the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Accepted Answer

A) feathers or fur 
B) vasoconstriction 
C) nonshivering thermogenesis 
D) countercurrent heat exchanger 
E) blubber or fat layer 
A) feathers or fur 
B) vasoconstriction 
C) nonshivering thermogenesis 
D) countercurrent heat exchanger 
E) blubber or fat layer

Question 20

The type of muscle tissue associated with internal organs, other than the heart, is

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal muscle. 
B) cardiac muscle. 
C) striated muscle. 
D) intercalated cells. 
E) smooth muscle. 
A) skeletal muscle. 
B) cardiac muscle. 
C) striated muscle. 
D) intercalated cells. 
E) smooth muscle.

Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

The lining of the smallest tubules in the kidneys is composed of

The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the

The following questions refer to Figure 40.1. Figure 40.1 -What does the difference in temperature between arteries and veins in the goose's legs indicate?

Positive feedback has occurred when

For an adult human female, the metabolic "costs" of pregnancy and lactation are

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

The epithelium best adapted for a body surface subject to abrasion is

The best time to measure an animal's basal metabolic rate is when the animal

Draw a model of the control loop(s)required for driving an automobile at a fairly constant speed over a hilly road. Assuming either a driver or a cruise control device is the control center, indicated each feature that represents a sensor, input, or response.

"Winter acclimatization" in mammals can include

Bones are held together at joints by

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by

Interstitial fluid

Similar fusiform body shapes are seen in sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals because

A matrix of connective tissue is apparent in

Ingested foods in snakes are typically digested by

Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when

Which of the following is not an adaptation for reducing the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

The type of muscle tissue associated with internal organs, other than the heart, is

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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