Question 1

In the ETS, ________ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another.

Accepted Answer

A)  a hydrogen ion 
B)  a coenzyme 
C)  the acetyl group 
D)  ADP 
E)  NAD 
A)  a hydrogen ion 
B)  a coenzyme 
C)  the acetyl group 
D)  ADP 
E)  NAD B

Question 2

Carbon and oxygen atoms are removed as carbon dioxide in a process called

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolism. 
B)  decarboxylation. 
C)  deamination. 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
E)  substrate-level phosphorylation. 
A)  anabolism. 
B)  decarboxylation. 
C)  deamination. 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
E)  substrate-level phosphorylation. B

Question 3

List and briefly describe the body's five metabolic components.

Accepted Answer

The body has five metabolic components: the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, neural tissue, and other peripheral tissues. The liver is the focal point for metabolic regulation and control. Adipose tissue stores lipids, primarily in the form of triglycerides. Skeletal muscle contains substantial glycogen reserves, and the contractile proteins can be degraded and the amino acids used as an energy source. Neural tissue does not contain energy reserves; glucose must be supplied to it for energy. Other peripheral tissues are able to metabolize glucose, fatty acids, or other substrates under the direction of the endocrine system.

Question 4

The function of the citric acid cycle is to

Accepted Answer

A)  remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes. 
B)  transfer the acetyl group gained from glycolysis to molecules of pyruvate. 
C)  hydrolyze glucose in the presence of oxygen to obtain two pyruvate molecules. 
D)  produce carbon dioxide to balance the oxygen requirement for cellular respiration. 
E)  produce water. 
A)  remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes. 
B)  transfer the acetyl group gained from glycolysis to molecules of pyruvate. 
C)  hydrolyze glucose in the presence of oxygen to obtain two pyruvate molecules. 
D)  produce carbon dioxide to balance the oxygen requirement for cellular respiration. 
E)  produce water.

Question 5

When NAD+ is ________ it becomes NADH. When NADH is ________ it becomes NAD+.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorylated; deaminated 
B)  reduced; oxidized 
C)  made; recycled 
D)  phosphorylated; dephosphorylated 
E)  oxidized; reduced 
A)  phosphorylated; deaminated 
B)  reduced; oxidized 
C)  made; recycled 
D)  phosphorylated; dephosphorylated 
E)  oxidized; reduced

Question 6

In-Text Figure Based Questions
-Where does beta-oxidation take place? (Figure 25-7)

Accepted Answer

A)  blood plasma 
B)  in the plasma membrane of cells 
C)  in the cytoplasm of cells 
D)  in the mitochondria 
E)  in the Golgi apparatus 
A)  blood plasma 
B)  in the plasma membrane of cells 
C)  in the cytoplasm of cells 
D)  in the mitochondria 
E)  in the Golgi apparatus

Question 7

The condition when excessive fluid loss from sweating disrupts thermoregulatory mechanisms is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  thermoneogenesis. 
B)  heat exhaustion. 
C)  hydrosis. 
D)  heat stroke. 
E)  hypothermia. 
A)  thermoneogenesis. 
B)  heat exhaustion. 
C)  hydrosis. 
D)  heat stroke. 
E)  hypothermia.

Question 8

The process of glycogen formation is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  gluconeogenesis. 
C)  cellular respiration. 
D)  glycemia. 
E)  glycogenesis. 
A)  glycolysis. 
B)  gluconeogenesis. 
C)  cellular respiration. 
D)  glycemia. 
E)  glycogenesis.

Question 9

Protein malnourishment may occur if the diet is deficient in

Accepted Answer

A)  essential amino acids. 
B)  nonessential amino acids. 
C)  urea. 
D)  ammonia. 
E)  keto acids. 
A)  essential amino acids. 
B)  nonessential amino acids. 
C)  urea. 
D)  ammonia. 
E)  keto acids.

Question 10

The citric acid cycle occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cytosol. 
B)  golgi apparatus. 
C)  mitochondrial intermembrane space. 
D)  mitochondrial matrix. 
E)  ribosome. 
A)  cytosol. 
B)  golgi apparatus. 
C)  mitochondrial intermembrane space. 
D)  mitochondrial matrix. 
E)  ribosome.

Question 11

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
C)  catabolism. 
D)  anabolism. 
E)  metabolism. 
A)  glycolysis. 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
C)  catabolism. 
D)  anabolism. 
E)  metabolism.

Question 12

In resting individuals, energy use is proportional to

Accepted Answer

A)  amount of lipids in the diet. 
B)  carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration. 
C)  total caloric intake. 
D)  weight. 
E)  oxygen consumption. 
A)  amount of lipids in the diet. 
B)  carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration. 
C)  total caloric intake. 
D)  weight. 
E)  oxygen consumption.

Question 13

All of the following are true of beta-oxidation except that

Accepted Answer

A)  it occurs in the mitochondria. 
B)  fatty acids break down into two-carbon fragments. 
C)  lipids are converted into glycogen molecules. 
D)  it requires coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD. 
E)  it yields large amounts of ATP. 
A)  it occurs in the mitochondria. 
B)  fatty acids break down into two-carbon fragments. 
C)  lipids are converted into glycogen molecules. 
D)  it requires coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD. 
E)  it yields large amounts of ATP.

Question 14

Nitrogen compounds of the body include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids. 
B)  oxaloacetate. 
C)  creatine. 
D)  porphyrin. 
E)  purines. 
A)  amino acids. 
B)  oxaloacetate. 
C)  creatine. 
D)  porphyrin. 
E)  purines.

Question 15

The term ________ refers to the homeostatic process that allows us to maintain a constant body temperature.

Accepted Answer

A)  thermogenesis 
B)  thermodynamics 
C)  thermochemistry 
D)  thermoregulation 
E)  thermography 
A)  thermogenesis 
B)  thermodynamics 
C)  thermochemistry 
D)  thermoregulation 
E)  thermography

Question 16

The end products of glycolysis are

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP, water, and carbon dioxide. 
B)  ATP, NADH, and pyruvic acid. 
C)  ADP and ATP. 
D)  pyruvic acid and citric acid. 
E)  NADH and FADH2. 
A)  ATP, water, and carbon dioxide. 
B)  ATP, NADH, and pyruvic acid. 
C)  ADP and ATP. 
D)  pyruvic acid and citric acid. 
E)  NADH and FADH2.

Question 17

Briefly outline the role of the liver in glucose metabolism.

Accepted Answer

During the absorptive state, under insul

Question 18

Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle, ________ yields energy the quickest.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen 
B)  glucose 
C)  protein 
D)  fat 
E)  an amino acid 
A)  glycogen 
B)  glucose 
C)  protein 
D)  fat 
E)  an amino acid

Question 19

A T4 assay is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  determine the number of calories in food. 
B)  directly measure the basal metabolic rate. 
C)  obtain an index of metabolic activity. 
D)  monitor the energy efficiency of metabolism. 
E)  determine the amount of oxygen consumed during metabolism. 
A)  determine the number of calories in food. 
B)  directly measure the basal metabolic rate. 
C)  obtain an index of metabolic activity. 
D)  monitor the energy efficiency of metabolism. 
E)  determine the amount of oxygen consumed during metabolism.

Question 20

Figure 25-1 The Citric Acid Cycle
  
Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions:
-What is the molecule labeled "1"?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphoglyceric acid 
B)  citric acid 
C)  pyruvate 
D)  NADH 
E)  FADH2 
A)  phosphoglyceric acid 
B)  citric acid 
C)  pyruvate 
D)  NADH 
E)  FADH2

Exam 25: Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

In the ETS, ________ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another.

Carbon and oxygen atoms are removed as carbon dioxide in a process called

List and briefly describe the body's five metabolic components.

The function of the citric acid cycle is to

When NAD+ is ________ it becomes NADH. When NADH is ________ it becomes NAD+.

In-Text Figure Based Questions -Where does beta-oxidation take place? (Figure 25-7)

The condition when excessive fluid loss from sweating disrupts thermoregulatory mechanisms is known as

The process of glycogen formation is known as

Protein malnourishment may occur if the diet is deficient in

The citric acid cycle occurs in the

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called

In resting individuals, energy use is proportional to

All of the following are true of beta-oxidation except that

Nitrogen compounds of the body include all of the following except

The term ________ refers to the homeostatic process that allows us to maintain a constant body temperature.

The end products of glycolysis are

Briefly outline the role of the liver in glucose metabolism.

Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle, ________ yields energy the quickest.

A T4 assay is used to

Figure 25-1 The Citric Acid Cycle Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions: -What is the molecule labeled "1"?

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters

When NAD+ is it becomes NADH. When NADH is it becomes NAD+.