Question 1

The renal sinus is

Accepted Answer

A)  the innermost layer of kidney tissue. 
B)  part of a renal pyramid. 
C)  an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule. 
D)  a large branch of the renal pelvis. 
E)  a renal corpuscle. 
A)  the innermost layer of kidney tissue. 
B)  part of a renal pyramid. 
C)  an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule. 
D)  a large branch of the renal pelvis. 
E)  a renal corpuscle. C

Question 2

All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are

Accepted Answer

A)  located in a position that is retroperitoneal. 
B)  surrounded by a fibrous capsule. 
C)  located partly within the pelvic cavity. 
D)  held in place by the renal fascia. 
E)  covered by peritoneum. 
A)  located in a position that is retroperitoneal. 
B)  surrounded by a fibrous capsule. 
C)  located partly within the pelvic cavity. 
D)  held in place by the renal fascia. 
E)  covered by peritoneum. C

Question 3

The excretory functions of the urinary system are performed by the

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra. 
B)  ureters. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  urinary bladder. 
E)  kidneys. 
A)  urethra. 
B)  ureters. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  urinary bladder. 
E)  kidneys. E

Question 4

Major calyces are

Accepted Answer

A)  large branches of the renal pelvis. 
B)  expanded ends of nephrons. 
C)  basic functional layers of the kidney. 
D)  conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. 
E)  the expanded ends of renal pyramids. 
A)  large branches of the renal pelvis. 
B)  expanded ends of nephrons. 
C)  basic functional layers of the kidney. 
D)  conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. 
E)  the expanded ends of renal pyramids.

Question 5

The pontine storage center controls micturition by

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating bladder contractions. 
B)  increasing contraction of the detrusor muscle. 
C)  relaxing the internal urethral sphincter. 
D)  increasing contraction of the external urethral sphincter and reducing detrusor muscle activity. 
E)  stimulating the voiding reflex. 
A)  stimulating bladder contractions. 
B)  increasing contraction of the detrusor muscle. 
C)  relaxing the internal urethral sphincter. 
D)  increasing contraction of the external urethral sphincter and reducing detrusor muscle activity. 
E)  stimulating the voiding reflex.

Question 6

The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is

Accepted Answer

A)  blood colloid osmotic pressure. 
B)  glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
C)  osmotic pressure of the urine. 
D)  capsular hydrostatic pressure. 
E)  reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule pulls filtrate from blood. 
A)  blood colloid osmotic pressure. 
B)  glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
C)  osmotic pressure of the urine. 
D)  capsular hydrostatic pressure. 
E)  reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule pulls filtrate from blood.

Question 7

Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called ________ nephrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortical 
B)  juxtaglomerular 
C)  vasa recta 
D)  juxtamedullary 
E)  Henle 
A)  cortical 
B)  juxtaglomerular 
C)  vasa recta 
D)  juxtamedullary 
E)  Henle

Question 8

The filtration of plasma takes place in the

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
B)  distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  papillary duct. 
D)  renal corpuscle. 
E)  ureter. 
A)  nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
B)  distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  papillary duct. 
D)  renal corpuscle. 
E)  ureter.

Question 9

Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pyramid. 
B)  nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
C)  renal corpuscle. 
D)  renal papilla. 
E)  collecting tubule system. 
A)  renal pyramid. 
B)  nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
C)  renal corpuscle. 
D)  renal papilla. 
E)  collecting tubule system.

Question 10

In the process of ________, two substances are moved across a cell membrane in the same direction without directly using cellular energy. One of the substances can be moved against a concentration gradient by this process.

Accepted Answer

A)  countertransport 
B)  cotransport 
C)  simple diffusion 
D)  active transport 
E)  co-osmosis 
A)  countertransport 
B)  cotransport 
C)  simple diffusion 
D)  active transport 
E)  co-osmosis

Question 11

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration. 
B)  reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water. 
C)  secretion of acids and ammonia. 
D)  secretion of drugs. 
E)  adjusting the urine pH. 
A)  filtration. 
B)  reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water. 
C)  secretion of acids and ammonia. 
D)  secretion of drugs. 
E)  adjusting the urine pH.

Question 12

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returnedto the circulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  38 
C)  63 
D)  74 
E)  99 
A)  1 
B)  38 
C)  63 
D)  74 
E)  99

Question 13

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  peritubular 
B)  glomerular 
C)  vasa recta 
D)  cortical 
E)  efferent 
A)  peritubular 
B)  glomerular 
C)  vasa recta 
D)  cortical 
E)  efferent

Question 14

Renal columns are

Accepted Answer

A)  internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule. 
B)  expanded ends of the ureters. 
C)  the basic functional units of the kidney. 
D)  bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex. 
E)  conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. 
A)  internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule. 
B)  expanded ends of the ureters. 
C)  the basic functional units of the kidney. 
D)  bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex. 
E)  conical structures that are located in the renal medulla.

Question 15

The region known as the macula densa is part of

Accepted Answer

A)  the proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  the distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  the collecting duct. 
D)  the nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
E)  glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. 
A)  the proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  the distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  the collecting duct. 
D)  the nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
E)  glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.

Question 16

Measurement of the functions of a nephron reveals a glomerular capillary pressure of 69 mm Hg, and a pressure in the capsular space of 15 mm Hg. Assuming that the blood colloid osmotic pressure is 30 mm Hg, and that essentially no plasma proteins are filtered by the glomerulus, what is the net filtration pressure in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)  30 mm Hg 
B)  24 mm Hg 
C)  69 mm Hg 
D)  84 mm Hg 
E)  99 mm Hg 
A)  30 mm Hg 
B)  24 mm Hg 
C)  69 mm Hg 
D)  84 mm Hg 
E)  99 mm Hg

Question 17

The urinary function of elimination occurs through the

Accepted Answer

A)  liver. 
B)  glomerulus. 
C)  kidney. 
D)  ureter. 
E)  urethra. 
A)  liver. 
B)  glomerulus. 
C)  kidney. 
D)  ureter. 
E)  urethra.

Question 18

A glomerulus is

Accepted Answer

A)  the expanded end of a nephron. 
B)  a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. 
C)  the source of erythropoietin. 
D)  attached to the collecting duct. 
E)  the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron. 
A)  the expanded end of a nephron. 
B)  a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. 
C)  the source of erythropoietin. 
D)  attached to the collecting duct. 
E)  the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron.

Question 19

Urine is carried from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by the

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra. 
B)  glomerulus. 
C)  convoluted tubule. 
D)  ureter. 
E)  collecting duct. 
A)  urethra. 
B)  glomerulus. 
C)  convoluted tubule. 
D)  ureter. 
E)  collecting duct.

Question 20

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney
  
Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "8."

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis 
B)  minor calyx 
C)  ureter 
D)  major calyx 
E)  renal column 
A)  renal pelvis 
B)  minor calyx 
C)  ureter 
D)  major calyx 
E)  renal column

Exam 26: The Urinary System

The renal sinus is

All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are

The excretory functions of the urinary system are performed by the

Major calyces are

The pontine storage center controls micturition by

The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is

Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called ________ nephrons.

The filtration of plasma takes place in the

Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the

In the process of ________, two substances are moved across a cell membrane in the same direction without directly using cellular energy. One of the substances can be moved against a concentration gradient by this process.

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returnedto the circulation?

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries.

Renal columns are

The region known as the macula densa is part of

The urinary function of elimination occurs through the

A glomerulus is

Urine is carried from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by the

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions: -Identify the structure labeled "8."

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters