Question 1

Which of the following best describes Bandura's research and subsequent general conclusions about the effects of violent television on behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television,and his research has been supported. 
B)  Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television,and his research has been partially supported with only some groups of children. 
C)  Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television,and his research has been supported,but only with children who showed aggressive tendencies beforehand. 
D)  Bandura believed that children do become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television,and his research has not been supported. 
E)  Bandura believed that children do not become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television,and his hypothesis has been supported. 
A)  Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television,and his research has been supported. 
B)  Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television,and his research has been partially supported with only some groups of children. 
C)  Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television,and his research has been supported,but only with children who showed aggressive tendencies beforehand. 
D)  Bandura believed that children do become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television,and his research has not been supported. 
E)  Bandura believed that children do not become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television,and his hypothesis has been supported.

Question 2

Which of the following people is on a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phillip,who is playing a slot machine at a casino 
B)  Colette,whose teacher uses pop quizzes 
C)  Jim,whose professor schedules three exams for the semester,one for every five weeks 
D)  Elissa,who receives a monthly performance evaluation 
E)  Angela,who receives compensation for every student she recruits for her college 
A)  Phillip,who is playing a slot machine at a casino 
B)  Colette,whose teacher uses pop quizzes 
C)  Jim,whose professor schedules three exams for the semester,one for every five weeks 
D)  Elissa,who receives a monthly performance evaluation 
E)  Angela,who receives compensation for every student she recruits for her college

Question 3

Operant conditioning is also known as

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  vicarious learning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  instrumental learning. 
E)  cognitive learning 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  vicarious learning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  instrumental learning. 
E)  cognitive learning

Question 4

A puff of air to the eye causes a reflexive blink.If you precede the puff of air with a buzzer,eventually the buzzer will cause a blink.In this example,the buzzer begins as the _____ and eventually becomes the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus 
C)  unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus 
D)  neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus 
E)  unconditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus 
A)  neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus 
C)  unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus 
D)  neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus 
E)  unconditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus

Question 5

The process of learning in which the consequences of a response determine the probability that the response will be repeated is called

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  insight learning. 
D)  observational learning. 
E)  latent learning. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  insight learning. 
D)  observational learning. 
E)  latent learning.

Question 6

Compared to ratio schedules,interval schedules

Accepted Answer

A)  result in faster response rates. 
B)  result in slower response rates. 
C)  result in similar response rates. 
D)  sometimes result in faster response rates and sometimes result in slower response rates. 
E)  can only be administered on a variable basis. 
A)  result in faster response rates. 
B)  result in slower response rates. 
C)  result in similar response rates. 
D)  sometimes result in faster response rates and sometimes result in slower response rates. 
E)  can only be administered on a variable basis.

Question 7

In a typical classical conditioning experiment by Pavlov,a buzzer or tone serves as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral stimulus that is paired with a conditioned response. 
B)  conditioned stimulus that becomes a neutral stimulus through the process of association. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus that becomes a conditioned stimulus. 
D)  neutral stimulus that becomes an unconditioned stimulus. 
E)  neutral stimulus that becomes a conditioned stimulus. 
A)  neutral stimulus that is paired with a conditioned response. 
B)  conditioned stimulus that becomes a neutral stimulus through the process of association. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus that becomes a conditioned stimulus. 
D)  neutral stimulus that becomes an unconditioned stimulus. 
E)  neutral stimulus that becomes a conditioned stimulus.

Question 8

Helena has learned that she gets motion sickness easily.If Helena takes medicine before a boat ride so she doesn't get sea sick,she is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidance learning. 
B)  a phobia. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  escape learning. 
E)  shaping. 
A)  avoidance learning. 
B)  a phobia. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  escape learning. 
E)  shaping.

Question 9

Following his experience in the military,Hans developed a classically conditioned fear response to radio static.After he left the military,the response extinguished.However,after not hearing radio static for several months,Hans again shows the conditioned fear response.Hans's experience is best described by

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  stimulus discrimination. 
C)  reconditioning. 
D)  spontaneous recovery. 
E)  shaping. 
A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  stimulus discrimination. 
C)  reconditioning. 
D)  spontaneous recovery. 
E)  shaping.

Question 10

When Salina was a young girl,a dog viciously attacked her as she was walking along a white picket fence.Since then,she displays intense fear of white picket fences.Salina is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  a discriminative stimulus. 
B)  superstitious behavior. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  a phobia. 
E)  spontaneous recovery. 
A)  a discriminative stimulus. 
B)  superstitious behavior. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  a phobia. 
E)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 11

Thorndike is to _____ as Skinner is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning; Law of Effect 
B)  classical conditioning; operant conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning; classical conditioning 
D)  Law of Effect; classical conditioning 
E)  Law of Effect; operant conditioning 
A)  classical conditioning; Law of Effect 
B)  classical conditioning; operant conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning; classical conditioning 
D)  Law of Effect; classical conditioning 
E)  Law of Effect; operant conditioning

Question 12

Which of the following best describes charted data for a variable interval schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  slight dip in responses after reinforcement 
B)  slow,steady rate of response 
C)  responses decrease after an initial steep increase 
D)  fast,steady rates of response 
E)  responses pause after each reinforcement 
A)  slight dip in responses after reinforcement 
B)  slow,steady rate of response 
C)  responses decrease after an initial steep increase 
D)  fast,steady rates of response 
E)  responses pause after each reinforcement

Question 13

While changing her tire,Marguerite bumped the hubcap and all of the lug nuts fell into a storm sewer.After fretting for several minutes,she suddenly realized she could remove one lug nut from each of the other three tires to temporarily mount the spare until she could get to a service station.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  superstitious behavior. 
B)  insight learning. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  shaping. 
E)  latent learning. 
A)  superstitious behavior. 
B)  insight learning. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  shaping. 
E)  latent learning.

Question 14

Stimuli that are naturally reinforcing are referred to as ______,while stimuli that develop reinforcing properties through association are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  indiscriminative stimuli; discriminative stimuli 
B)  primary reinforcers; secondary reinforcers 
C)  positive reinforcers; negative reinforcers 
D)  primary stimuli; secondary stimuli 
E)  shapers; successive approximators 
A)  indiscriminative stimuli; discriminative stimuli 
B)  primary reinforcers; secondary reinforcers 
C)  positive reinforcers; negative reinforcers 
D)  primary stimuli; secondary stimuli 
E)  shapers; successive approximators

Question 15

Regarding the timing of the CS and the US in classical conditioning,the STRONGEST conditioned response occurs when the

Accepted Answer

A)  CS and US are presented simultaneously. 
B)  CS is presented first and remains on during the presentation of the US. 
C)  CS is presented first and is terminated before the presentation of the US. 
D)  US is presented first and is terminated before the presentation of the CS. 
E)  US is presented first and remains on during the presentation of the CS. 
A)  CS and US are presented simultaneously. 
B)  CS is presented first and remains on during the presentation of the US. 
C)  CS is presented first and is terminated before the presentation of the US. 
D)  US is presented first and is terminated before the presentation of the CS. 
E)  US is presented first and remains on during the presentation of the CS.

Question 16

Through classical conditioning,Alyce has developed a fear of mice.She also shows a fear response to gerbils and hamsters.Alyce is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  stimulus discrimination. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  extinction. 
E)  reconditioning. 
A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  stimulus discrimination. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  extinction. 
E)  reconditioning.

Question 17

Watson investigated the classical conditioning of which type of responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  anger 
B)  sadness 
C)  happiness 
D)  fear 
E)  sexual arousal 
A)  anger 
B)  sadness 
C)  happiness 
D)  fear 
E)  sexual arousal

Question 18

Dr.Emmanuel demonstrates a typical Pavlovian conditioning experiment for his psychology class.Emmanuel pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus and then asks the class,"What is the neutral stimulus called now?" The correct answer is

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response. 
B)  conditioned stimulus. 
C)  reinforcer. 
D)  conditioned reinforcer. 
E)  unconditioned response. 
A)  conditioned response. 
B)  conditioned stimulus. 
C)  reinforcer. 
D)  conditioned reinforcer. 
E)  unconditioned response.

Question 19

All but which of the following are primary reinforcers?

Accepted Answer

A)  money 
B)  sexual stimulation 
C)  novel visual stimuli 
D)  air,food,and water 
E)  relief from pain 
A)  money 
B)  sexual stimulation 
C)  novel visual stimuli 
D)  air,food,and water 
E)  relief from pain

Question 20

When two-year-old Clarice was playing in the basement,a large burst of thunder scared her at the same time she saw a spider.Now Clarice has a spider phobia.Clarice's experience is an example of which type of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Operant conditioning 
B)  Observational learning 
C)  Vicarious learning 
D)  Insight learning 
E)  Classical conditioning 
A)  Operant conditioning 
B)  Observational learning 
C)  Vicarious learning 
D)  Insight learning 
E)  Classical conditioning

Which of the following best describes Bandura's research and subsequent general conclusions about the effects of violent television on behavior?

Which of the following people is on a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Operant conditioning is also known as

A puff of air to the eye causes a reflexive blink.If you precede the puff of air with a buzzer,eventually the buzzer will cause a blink.In this example,the buzzer begins as the _ and eventually becomes the __.

The process of learning in which the consequences of a response determine the probability that the response will be repeated is called

Compared to ratio schedules,interval schedules

In a typical classical conditioning experiment by Pavlov,a buzzer or tone serves as a(n)

Helena has learned that she gets motion sickness easily.If Helena takes medicine before a boat ride so she doesn't get sea sick,she is demonstrating

When Salina was a young girl,a dog viciously attacked her as she was walking along a white picket fence.Since then,she displays intense fear of white picket fences.Salina is demonstrating

Thorndike is to _ as Skinner is to ___.

Which of the following best describes charted data for a variable interval schedule of reinforcement?

Stimuli that are naturally reinforcing are referred to as ,while stimuli that develop reinforcing properties through association are called .

Regarding the timing of the CS and the US in classical conditioning,the STRONGEST conditioned response occurs when the

Through classical conditioning,Alyce has developed a fear of mice.She also shows a fear response to gerbils and hamsters.Alyce is demonstrating

Watson investigated the classical conditioning of which type of responses?

Dr.Emmanuel demonstrates a typical Pavlovian conditioning experiment for his psychology class.Emmanuel pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus and then asks the class,"What is the neutral stimulus called now?" The correct answer is

All but which of the following are primary reinforcers?

When two-year-old Clarice was playing in the basement,a large burst of thunder scared her at the same time she saw a spider.Now Clarice has a spider phobia.Clarice's experience is an example of which type of learning?

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Exam 5: Learning

Which of the following best describes Bandura's research and subsequent general conclusions about the effects of violent television on behavior?

Which of the following people is on a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Operant conditioning is also known as

A puff of air to the eye causes a reflexive blink.If you precede the puff of air with a buzzer,eventually the buzzer will cause a blink.In this example,the buzzer begins as the _____ and eventually becomes the ______.

The process of learning in which the consequences of a response determine the probability that the response will be repeated is called

Compared to ratio schedules,interval schedules

In a typical classical conditioning experiment by Pavlov,a buzzer or tone serves as a(n)

Helena has learned that she gets motion sickness easily.If Helena takes medicine before a boat ride so she doesn't get sea sick,she is demonstrating

When Salina was a young girl,a dog viciously attacked her as she was walking along a white picket fence.Since then,she displays intense fear of white picket fences.Salina is demonstrating

Thorndike is to _____ as Skinner is to _______.

Which of the following best describes charted data for a variable interval schedule of reinforcement?

Stimuli that are naturally reinforcing are referred to as ______,while stimuli that develop reinforcing properties through association are called ______.

Regarding the timing of the CS and the US in classical conditioning,the STRONGEST conditioned response occurs when the

Through classical conditioning,Alyce has developed a fear of mice.She also shows a fear response to gerbils and hamsters.Alyce is demonstrating

Watson investigated the classical conditioning of which type of responses?

Dr.Emmanuel demonstrates a typical Pavlovian conditioning experiment for his psychology class.Emmanuel pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus and then asks the class,"What is the neutral stimulus called now?" The correct answer is

All but which of the following are primary reinforcers?

When two-year-old Clarice was playing in the basement,a large burst of thunder scared her at the same time she saw a spider.Now Clarice has a spider phobia.Clarice's experience is an example of which type of learning?

The Science of Psychology

Biological Foundations of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Thinking, language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development

Psychology and Health

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Methods of Therapy

Social Psychology

Filters

A puff of air to the eye causes a reflexive blink.If you precede the puff of air with a buzzer,eventually the buzzer will cause a blink.In this example,the buzzer begins as the _ and eventually becomes the __.

Thorndike is to _ as Skinner is to ___.

Stimuli that are naturally reinforcing are referred to as ,while stimuli that develop reinforcing properties through association are called .