Exam 7: Class and Stratification in the United States

In 2012, the poorest 20 percent of households in the United States received approximately __________ of the total income pie.

Until the 1990s, white South Africans controlled the government, the police, and the military by enforcing __________, the term used in South Africa for "the separation of the races."​

Explain the concept of alienation and describe how workers are alienated in a capitalist mode of production, according to Marx.

The term pink-collar refers to_____________________________.

Marx used the term __________ to refer to those who must sell their labor to the owners in order to earn enough money to survive.

Sociologists are in agreement that poverty is always harmful to society.

Weber used the term __________ for the category of wealthy individuals who live off their investments and do not have to work.

Weber believed that modern bureaucracies are so strong that even a workers' revolution would not lessen social inequality.

__________ is the term for economic gain derived from wages, salaries, income transfers (government aid), and ownership of property.

Both Karl Marx and Max Weber identified ___________ as an important determinant of social inequality and social change.

For many of the working poor, medical insurance is out of the question. In 2010, approximately __________ of people in the United States were without health insurance coverage. ​

Marx used the term __________ for those who own the means of production-the land and capital necessary for factories and mines.

__________ poverty refers to the condition in which people do not have the means to secure the most basic necessities of life.

The U.S. Social Security Administration has established an official poverty line. The poverty line is computed by _______________________________.

Sociologist Karl Marx believed that the workers are exploited as capitalists maximize    their profit by paying the workers less than the resale values of what they produce. Marx believed that this resulted in a feeling of powerlessness and estrangement that he called __________.

When Carlos's grandfather migrated to the United States, he had completed six years of schooling and was an agricultural worker in California. Carlos's father completed high school and worked for twenty years as a clerk in a large state agency. Through the efforts of his father and grandfather, Carlos was able to graduate from college and medical school, and he now has a thriving medical practice in southern California. Carlos's family exemplifies __________ mobility.

Sociologists often use the term __________ to refer to a classification that reflects a combination of factors such as income, occupation, and education.

A difference between the caste system in India and the caste system in South Africa is that in South Africa caste was based largely on __________.

Working single mothers and their children and African Americans are overrepresented among the __________.

Occupations such as medical technicians, teachers, and nurses pertain to the __________, which makes up an estimated 30 percent of the U.S. population.