Exam 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

Match neural disease/influence with correct characteristic. a.multiple sclerosis b.tetanus c.strychnine d.roseola e.Parkinson's disease -Prevents release of GABA

Oligodendrocytes form a regeneration tube to guide a regenerating nerve fiber to its proper destination.

Use these figures to answer the corresponding questions. -The structure labeled "1" is a.part of a chemically-gated channel b.part of a mechanically-gated channel c.the activation gate of a Na+ channel d.part of a chemically-gated channel and the inactivation gate of a Na+ channel e.none of these

Indicate which of the following changes will take place. a.no change in potential of the postsynaptic cell b.spatial summation c.temporal summation -What would occur if both presynaptic neurons A and B were fired simultaneously?

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the body's defense system erroneously attacks the myelin sheath surrounding myelinated nerve fibers.

A change in a membrane potential from -70 mV to -60mV is an example of

Use the answer code below to answer this section. a.increased PNa+ and no change in PK+ b.decreased PNa+ and decreased PK+ c.increased PK+ and no change in PNa+ d.increased PK+ and increased PNa+ e.increased PK+ and decreased PNa+ f.Na influx g.Na+ efflux h.K+ influx i.K+ efflux -Ion movement that would cause an IPSP

In most excitable cells, the rising phase of the action potential is due to

An increase in the size of the ____________________ of a nerve fiber, along with the amount of ____________________ around the fiber both increase its rate of conduction.

Neuropeptides are mainly neuromodulators that function as second messengers in cells that respond to hydrophilic hormones.

Indicate whether an excitatory or inhibitory synapse is being described. a.excitatory synapse b.inhibitory synapse -Increased PNₐ₊ and increased PK₊ of the subsynaptic membrane

Indicate the relationship between the two items listed in each situation: a.A is greater than b. b.B is greater than a. c.A and B are equal. -a.K⁺ concentration in the neuron's cytosol immediately before an action potential B.K⁺ concentration in the neuron's cytosol immediately following an action potential

Which of the following is least related to a neuromodulator?

Hormones derived from cholesterol are bound to proteins in the blood and primarily alter preexisting proteins via second-messenger systems.

Along a neuron, an action potential normally travels from the dendrites to the cell body to the axon.

The nucleus of a neuron is housed in the

Cocaine blocks the binding of dopamine at postsynaptic membranes.

The nodes of Ranvier are

Match neural disease/influence with correct characteristic. a.multiple sclerosis b.tetanus c.strychnine d.roseola e.Parkinson's disease -Due to insufficient dopamine

Indicate the relationship between the two items listed in each situation: a.A is greater than b. b.B is greater than a. c.A and B are equal. -a.Resting neuron's permeability to Na⁺ B.Neuron's permeability to Na⁺ during the rising phase of an action potential