Question 1

In divergence,

Accepted Answer

A) many presynaptic neurons synapse with one postsynaptic cell 
B) one dendrite contacts many presynaptic neurons 
C) action potentials initiated in the axon diminish as they spread to axon terminals 
D) one axon synapses with many other cells 
E) many axons spread out from one cell body 
A) many presynaptic neurons synapse with one postsynaptic cell 
B) one dendrite contacts many presynaptic neurons 
C) action potentials initiated in the axon diminish as they spread to axon terminals 
D) one axon synapses with many other cells 
E) many axons spread out from one cell body

Question 2

cAMP and phospholipase are more closely associated with the action of water-soluble hormones than with the action of lipid-soluble hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Choose the match for each substance listed.
a.covering on the axon
b.second messenger
c.branching process from a cell body
d.impulse-conducting region
e.junction between neurons
f.neurotransmitter
-Dendrite

Accepted Answer

The answer of Choose the match for each substance listed.
a.covering...

Question 4

Identify a second-messenger.

Accepted Answer

A) Insulin 
B) G protein 
C) G protein coupled receptor 
D) Adenylyl cyclase 
E) None of the above 
A) Insulin 
B) G protein 
C) G protein coupled receptor 
D) Adenylyl cyclase 
E) None of the above

Question 5

The chemical called ____________________ along axons reduces resistance and, hence, increases impulse velocity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The chemical called ____________________ along axons reduces...

Question 6

Use the answer code below to answer this section.
a.increased PNa+ and no change in PK+
b.decreased PNa+ and decreased PK+
c.increased PK+ and no change in PNa+
d.increased PK+ and increased PNa+
e.increased PK+ and decreased PNa+
f.Na influx
g.Na+ efflux
h.K+ influx
i.K+ efflux
-Permeability changes at the start of an IPSP

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the answer code below to answer...

Question 7

Which statement about graded potentials is false?

Accepted Answer

A) They are decremental. 
B) They travel only short distances. 
C) They are self-propagating. 
D) They may contribute to the development of an action potential. 
E) They travel in both directions along the membrane. 
A) They are decremental. 
B) They travel only short distances. 
C) They are self-propagating. 
D) They may contribute to the development of an action potential. 
E) They travel in both directions along the membrane.

Question 8

The relative refractory period occurs after the action potential is complete because of

Accepted Answer

A) the lingering inactivation of the voltage-gated Na+ channels 
B) the slowness of the voltage-gated K+ channels 
C) the action of the sodium-potassium pumps 
D) both a and b 
E) both b and c 
A) the lingering inactivation of the voltage-gated Na+ channels 
B) the slowness of the voltage-gated K+ channels 
C) the action of the sodium-potassium pumps 
D) both a and b 
E) both b and c

Question 9

Most endocrine glands secrete paracrine substances that function as neurohormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

After an action potential has occurred, there is more Na⁺ inside the cell than outside the cell (before any Na⁺-K⁺ pump activity has taken place).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

If neuron X is repeatedly stimulating neuron Z with an excitatory neurotransmitter, then

Accepted Answer

A) several simultaneous action potentials might be initiated on neuron Z 
B) the membrane potential on neuron Z would increase 
C) spatial summation would be occurring on neuron Z 
D) the postsynaptic neuron in this situation would have to reach threshold voltage 
E) none of the above would have to occur 
A) several simultaneous action potentials might be initiated on neuron Z 
B) the membrane potential on neuron Z would increase 
C) spatial summation would be occurring on neuron Z 
D) the postsynaptic neuron in this situation would have to reach threshold voltage 
E) none of the above would have to occur

Question 12

At the end of repolarization, the newly opened channels for ____________________ ions close.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At the end of repolarization, the newly...

Question 13

Indicate the relationship between the two items listed in each situation:
a.A is greater than b.
b.B is greater than a.
c.A and B are equal.
-a.Na⁺ concentration in the extracellular fluid
B.Na⁺ concentration in the neuron's cytosol immediately following an action potential

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indicate the relationship between the two items...

Question 14

During the peak of the action potential, the membrane becomes most permeable to

Accepted Answer

A) sodium 
B) potassium 
C) calcium 
D) chloride 
E) protein 
A) sodium 
B) potassium 
C) calcium 
D) chloride 
E) protein

Question 15

The resting membrane potential of a typical nerve cell is about ____________________ millivolts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The resting membrane potential of a typical...

Question 16

How does a depolarizing graded potential lead to the propagation of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

A depolarizing graded potential does not

Question 17

A change in a membrane potential from +30 mV to -70 mV is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) hyperpolarization 
C) polarization 
D) repolarization 
E) zero potential 
A) depolarization 
B) hyperpolarization 
C) polarization 
D) repolarization 
E) zero potential

Question 18

Local current flows locally between active and adjacent inactive areas of the cell membrane, thereby decreasing the potential in the inactive area to threshold.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Graded potentials

Accepted Answer

A) are local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying degrees of magnitude 
B) are weak action potentials 
C) serve as long-distance signals 
D) are only depolarizations 
E) always lead to action potentials 
A) are local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying degrees of magnitude 
B) are weak action potentials 
C) serve as long-distance signals 
D) are only depolarizations 
E) always lead to action potentials

Question 20

Which of the following is/are found in all cells of excitable and nonexcitable tissues?

Accepted Answer

A) a threshold potential 
B) a resting membrane potential 
C) gated ion channels 
D) all of the above characteristics 
E) mechanically-gated channels 
A) a threshold potential 
B) a resting membrane potential 
C) gated ion channels 
D) all of the above characteristics 
E) mechanically-gated channels

In divergence,

cAMP and phospholipase are more closely associated with the action of water-soluble hormones than with the action of lipid-soluble hormones.

Choose the match for each substance listed. a.covering on the axon b.second messenger c.branching process from a cell body d.impulse-conducting region e.junction between neurons f.neurotransmitter -Dendrite

Identify a second-messenger.

The chemical called ____________________ along axons reduces resistance and, hence, increases impulse velocity.

Which statement about graded potentials is false?

The relative refractory period occurs after the action potential is complete because of

Most endocrine glands secrete paracrine substances that function as neurohormones.

After an action potential has occurred, there is more Na⁺ inside the cell than outside the cell (before any Na⁺-K⁺ pump activity has taken place).

If neuron X is repeatedly stimulating neuron Z with an excitatory neurotransmitter, then

At the end of repolarization, the newly opened channels for ____________________ ions close.

Indicate the relationship between the two items listed in each situation: a.A is greater than b. b.B is greater than a. c.A and B are equal. -a.Na⁺ concentration in the extracellular fluid B.Na⁺ concentration in the neuron's cytosol immediately following an action potential

During the peak of the action potential, the membrane becomes most permeable to

The resting membrane potential of a typical nerve cell is about ____________________ millivolts.

How does a depolarizing graded potential lead to the propagation of action potentials?

A change in a membrane potential from +30 mV to -70 mV is an example of

Local current flows locally between active and adjacent inactive areas of the cell membrane, thereby decreasing the potential in the inactive area to threshold.

Graded potentials

Which of the following is/are found in all cells of excitable and nonexcitable tissues?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

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Exam 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

In divergence,

cAMP and phospholipase are more closely associated with the action of water-soluble hormones than with the action of lipid-soluble hormones.

Choose the match for each substance listed. a.covering on the axon b.second messenger c.branching process from a cell body d.impulse-conducting region e.junction between neurons f.neurotransmitter -Dendrite

Identify a second-messenger.

The chemical called ____________________ along axons reduces resistance and, hence, increases impulse velocity.

Which statement about graded potentials is false?

The relative refractory period occurs after the action potential is complete because of

Most endocrine glands secrete paracrine substances that function as neurohormones.

After an action potential has occurred, there is more Na⁺ inside the cell than outside the cell (before any Na⁺-K⁺ pump activity has taken place).

If neuron X is repeatedly stimulating neuron Z with an excitatory neurotransmitter, then

At the end of repolarization, the newly opened channels for ____________________ ions close.

Indicate the relationship between the two items listed in each situation: a.A is greater than b. b.B is greater than a. c.A and B are equal. -a.Na⁺ concentration in the extracellular fluid B.Na⁺ concentration in the neuron's cytosol immediately following an action potential

During the peak of the action potential, the membrane becomes most permeable to

The resting membrane potential of a typical nerve cell is about ____________________ millivolts.

How does a depolarizing graded potential lead to the propagation of action potentials?

A change in a membrane potential from +30 mV to -70 mV is an example of

Local current flows locally between active and adjacent inactive areas of the cell membrane, thereby decreasing the potential in the inactive area to threshold.

Graded potentials

Which of the following is/are found in all cells of excitable and nonexcitable tissues?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters