Exam 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

If an excitatory neuron and an inhibitory neuron both stimulate the same postsynaptic neuron simultaneously, what can you know for sure is happening in the postsynaptic neuron?

Indicate which characteristic applies to classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. a.neurotransmitters b.neuropeptides c.both neurotransmitters and neuropeptides d.neither neurotransmitters nor neuropeptides -Large: 2 to 40 amino acids in length

Indicate the relationship between the two items listed in each situation: a.A is greater than b. b.B is greater than a. c.A and B are equal. -a.Resting membrane potential B.Potential during hyperpolarization

Indicate whether the membrane is more permeable to K⁺ or to Na⁺ or is equally permeable to these ions under the stated conditions: a.more permeable to K+ than to Na+ b.more permeable to Na+ than to K+ c.equally permeable to Na+ and K+ -During an IPSP

Indicate the direction that the force in question tends to move the involved ion under the stated conditions by writing the appropriate letter in the blank, using the following answer code: a.tends to move the involved ion out of the cell b.tends to move the involved ion into the cell -Concentration gradient for K⁺ at the peak of an action potential

Use the answer code below to answer this section. a.increased PNa+ and no change in PK+ b.decreased PNa+ and decreased PK+ c.increased PK+ and no change in PNa+ d.increased PK+ and increased PNa+ e.increased PK+ and decreased PNa+ f.Na influx g.Na+ efflux h.K+ influx i.K+ efflux -Ion movement responsible for the rising phase of the action potential

Select the first step for synaptic signaling when the action potential arrives at the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron.

The period following an action potential during which a membrane cannot experience another action potential

Which channel type is sensitive to serotonin?

Cholera toxin is more disruptive to the action of hydrophilic hormones than to the action of lipophilic hormones.

Indicate which characteristic applies to classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. a.neurotransmitters b.neuropeptides c.both neurotransmitters and neuropeptides d.neither neurotransmitters nor neuropeptides -Released into blood for delivery to target

Indicate which characteristic applies to classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. a.neurotransmitters b.neuropeptides c.both neurotransmitters and neuropeptides d.neither neurotransmitters nor neuropeptides -Usually function as neuromodulators

Indicate which of the following changes will take place. a.no change in potential of the postsynaptic cell b.spatial summation c.temporal summation -What would occur if both presynaptic neurons A and C were fired simultaneously?

The nodes of Ranvier are Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes that wrap themselves "jelly roll fashion" around the axon.

One presynaptic neuron can only produce ____________________ summation on a postsynaptic neuron.

Which statement is correct?

Which statement is not accurate about the absolute refractory period?

When chemically-gated Na⁺ channels open, the membrane

Indicate the direction that the force in question tends to move the involved ion under the stated conditions by writing the appropriate letter in the blank, using the following answer code: a.tends to move the involved ion out of the cell b.tends to move the involved ion into the cell -Electrical gradient for Na⁺ at threshold potential

Indicate the relationship between the two items listed in each situation: a.A is greater than b. b.B is greater than a. c.A and B are equal. -a.Resting neuron's permeability to K⁺ B.Resting neuron's permeability to Na⁺