Exam 9: Cardiac Physiology

Using the following answer code, indicate which pressure relationship exists during the time in question. a.aortic pressure > ventricular pressure > atrial pressure b.aortic pressure > ventricular pressure < atrial pressure c.aortic pressure < ventricular pressure > atrial pressure d.aortic pressure < ventricular pressure < atrial pressure -When the aortic valve closes

Use this figure to answer the corresponding questions. -Which structures have oxygenated blood flowing through them? a.1 and 2 b.1 and 3 c.2 and 3 d.2 and 4 e.3, 4, and 5

Use the answer code below to complete the following statements. a.stroke volume b.end-diastolic volume c.cardiac output d.heart rate e.end-systolic volume f.sympathetic activity g.stroke volume and heart rate h.end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume i.end-diastolic volume and sympathetic activity -The two main determinants of cardiac output are _____ and _____.

Use the following answer code to indicate which factor involved in the initiation and spread of cardiac excitation is being identified a.SA node b.AV node c.bundle of His and Purkinje system d.gap junctions -Allows the impulse to spread from cell to cell

A swishy murmur heard between the second and first heart sounds is indicative of a(n) ____________________ (stenotic or insufficient) ____________________ (AV or semilunar) valve.

The parasympathetic nervous system has little effect on ____ activity.

An increase in the length of the cardiac muscle fibers prior to contraction ____________________ the number of heart sounds heard.

Extrasystole of the heart means that it

Match heart characteristic with correct anatomical structure. a.tricuspid valve b.myocardium c.aortic semilunar valve d.AV node e.sinoatrial node -This overcomes the afterload of the circuits

Use the following answer code to compare the magnitude of the items in question. a.A is greater than b.b.B is greater than a.c.A and B are equal or nearly equal. -a.Duration of systole at resting heart rate B.Duration of systole at rapid heart rate during exercise

Atrial systole contributes most of a ventricle's EDV.

Indicate the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on the heart using the following answer code: a.caused by sympathetic stimulation b.caused by parasympathetic stimulation c.not brought about by sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulation -Increases the contractility of the atrial and ventricular muscle

The ____________________ is the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle/minute.

Indicate the proper order of events during the cardiac cycle by placing numbers in the blanks preceding the events in sequence.(Some steps may have been omitted.) The first event is labeled as your starting point. $\underline1$ AV valve apen; aartic valve closed; ventricular filling accuring ______Blood ejected from the ventricles _____Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation _______Atrial contraction ______AV valve opens; ventricular filling accurs again; ane carkiac cycle is camplete _______Aortic valve opens _______SA node discharges _______Ventricular filling camplete _______Ventricular relaration bepins _______Aortic valve closes _____Iscvolunetric ventricular cantraction ______Ventricular contraction bepins; AV valve clases

What component of the cardiac conduction system distributes electrical signals directly through the papillary muscles?

The ____________________ extracts cholesterol from the blood and converts it into ____________________, which are secreted into the bile.

The long refractory period of cardiac muscle prevents tetanic contractions of the heart.

About 90% of the calcium needed for contraction of heart muscle cells comes from the _________.

Use the answer code below to complete the following statements. a.stroke volume b.end-diastolic volume c.cardiac output d.heart rate e.end-systolic volume f.sympathetic activity g.stroke volume and heart rate h.end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume i.end-diastolic volume and sympathetic activity -The stroke volume may be calculated by _____ minus _____.

Norepinephrine increases calcium permeability in cardiac muscle cells and thus increases the heart's contractility.