Exam 6: Learning

 Learning is ____. 

 The orienting reflex describes ____. 

 Which type of response cannot be classically conditioned in humans? 

 While on vacation,Juana eats bologna and then suffers an attack of car sickness.Now,when Juana even thinks of bologna,she feels sick to her stomach.How can Juana get to the point where she can once again eat bologna without feeling sick? 

 Psychologists have classically conditioned children to like healthful vegetables by pairing new vegetable flavors with the flavor of sugar to produce liking.Specifically,they are using ____. 

 When your dog continually barks,you eventually pay less attention to the noise.This illustrates ____. 

 Xiao-ping has learned that if she whines to her mom,she will get candy.Based on this experience,Xiao-ping starts whining to her dad,too,in hopes of getting candy.Xiao-ping is illustrating ____. 

 Reinforcement of a behavior only some of the time it occurs is called a ____ reinforcement schedule. 

 Susanna has been classically conditioned to feel anxiety every time she walks through the anti-theft security devices at a local store because in the past she has set off the alarm many times when clerks failed to demagnetize her purchases.Susanna has the best chance of eliminating her classically conditioned anxiety by ____. 

 When Antabuse is used to treat alcoholism through aversion therapy,the neutral stimulus in this classical conditioning example is ____. 

 When you break your curfew and your parents take away your car privileges in order stop you from breaking curfew in the future,they are using ____. 

 Don is delighted when he successfully conditions his roommate,Lloyd,to cringe at the sound of the squeaky drawer by pairing the squeak with a ping-pong ball to his roommate's head.He decides continue his experiment with classical conditioning and creates another squeaky noise by dragging his chair legs across the floor.At first Lloyd cringes at the new squeak,but with continued "trials" in which the drawer squeak is paired with a ping-pong ball to the head but the chair leg squeak is not,Lloyd stops cringing to the chair leg squeak,illustrating ____. 

 When animal trainers use operant conditioning techniques to slowly condition a new behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of the new desired behavior,the specific name for this is ____. 

 Recent research suggests that migraines may be the result of ____. 

 Which method will make punishment more effective? 

 Compared to other classically conditioned responses,taste aversions are unique in that ____. 

 Kim is a daycare worker.She recently decided that the children would no longer be allowed to watch Batman on TV because so many kids were getting into fights on the playground after watching this cartoon.What best explains why watching Batman would influence the children to fight on the playground? 

 Harsh punishment ____. 

 In Thorndike's work on the law of effect,he observed ____. 

 When a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus,____ has occurred.