Exam 6: Learning

 After "Little Albert" was conditioned to fear a white rat,he began to fear several other furry things.  This is an example of ____. 

 Shaping would be used ____. 

 The concept of primary and secondary reinforcers is most associated with ____. 

 Nash is fed up with hearing his friends brag about the tricks their dogs can do,so he decides to train his hyacinth macaw how to shoot basketball,using a bird-size ball and hoop.He starts out by giving Indigo a treat for touching the ball with his beak.When Indigo reliably touches the ball,Nash begins reinforcing Indigo for picking the ball up in his beak,and,behavior by behavior,eventually trains Indigo to shoot hoops.Nash is using ____. 

 Edward Thorndike is best known for his work on ____. 

 The fact that to be effective,punishment must be aversive and reinforcement must not be trivial,suggests that ____. 

 According to the law of effect,if an organism commonly expresses a certain behavior,you can bet that ____. 

 Jennifer normally experiences a flood of romantic feelings whenever she smells a particular cologne because it reminds her of her boyfriend.Thankfully,when her younger brother wears the same cologne,she does not experience the same feelings.This is an example of ____. 

 B.F.Skinner introduced what concept related to Thorndike's law of effect? 

 Explain how Kohler's study of chimpanzees came to point to the importance of cognition in learning.

 A taste aversion that is learned following a 10-hour gap between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus would ____. 

 Identify the four different types of partial reinforcement and provide a real-world example of each.

 Rick wants his daughter to spend more time studying.Which strategy is most likely to work for Rick? 

 A company that markets air fresheners has a series of commercials about being "nose-blind," that is,people getting used to odors such as those from pets or cooking pungent foods to the extent that they no longer notice them."Nose-blindness" is actually ____. 

 Positive punishment ____. 

 When we are presented with a new stimulus that repeats itself,at first we will exhibit ____,and then after a while,we will exhibit ____. 

 Skinner referred to the type of behavior learned from classical conditioning as ____,and the type of behavior learned from operant conditioning as ____. 

 Social learning involves ____. 

 Aversion therapy that uses Antabuse to treat alcoholism is based on the principle of ____. 

 According to Skinner,in classical conditioning,behavior is ____,but in operant conditioning,behavior is ____.