Exam 6: Learning

 Don is delighted when he successfully conditions his roommate,Lloyd,to cringe at the sound of the squeaky drawer by pairing the squeak with a ping-pong ball to his roommate's head.He decides to continue his classical conditioning experiment and creates another squeaky noise by dragging his chair legs across the floor.At first,Lloyd cringes at the new squeak,illustrating ____. 

 Wilson wants to use operant conditioning to teach his son to take out the trash.Every time his son takes out the trash,Wilson gives him a dollar.Wilson is employing what type of consequence? 

 In operant conditioning,when a behavior that has been reinforced exhibits itself only in certain situations or contexts,____ has occurred. 

 According to the views of B.F.Skinner,if a behavior is commonly exhibited,you can be assured that it ____. 

 Describe John B.Watson's research with Little Albert and identifying the unconditioned,neutral,and conditioned stimuli and the unconditioned and conditioned responses in the original study.

 When 11-year-old Michael breaks his sisters' favorite model rocket,his parents tell him he must give her one of his model rockets.Michael's parents are using ____. 

 A researcher who uses a Skinner box to study behavior is probably studying ____. 

 Sam recently lost his grandmother.Now Sam feels sad whenever he smells the perfume his beloved grandmother used to wear.In this example,Sam's sadness is the ____. 

 Extinction in operant conditioning occurs when the ____. 

 Tolman's research showing that rats can learn a maze even when they are not rewarded ____. 

 Shaping occurs when ____. 

 A conditioned response that has undergone extinction ____. 

 What example illustrates an orienting reflex? 

 If a teacher wants to change a pattern of student studying that typically increases on the days prior to a test and drops to almost no studying at all in the days following a test,she should try a variable interval schedule such as a system that uses ____. 

 Sarah was bitten by a dog,which naturally was a very scary experience.Now,when Sarah even hears a dog barking,she feels afraid.In this example,dog barking is the ____. 

 Explain the four steps in Bandura's modeling process.

 Where would the placement of neutral stimulus most likely yield the strongest classical conditioning outcome? 

 Stimulus discrimination should lead to ____. 

 In Pavlov's original studies,the unconditioned stimulus was ____. 

 When an organism begins to respond more intensely to a stimulus to which it has previously habituated,then ____ has occurred.