Question 1

All but which of the following are examples of double-blind studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  medical experiments where a new drug is tested and one group gets the new drug and the other gets a placebo and the researcher does not know who got which drug 
B)  domestic violence studies where intervention is designed to reduce repeat offenses by focusing upon victim strategies when the victim does not know whether they are in the control or experimental group 
C)  any study where the researchers and the subjects do not know whether they are in the experimental or control groups 
D)  any study where the researchers know who is in the experimental and control groups but promise not to tell the subjects 
A)  medical experiments where a new drug is tested and one group gets the new drug and the other gets a placebo and the researcher does not know who got which drug 
B)  domestic violence studies where intervention is designed to reduce repeat offenses by focusing upon victim strategies when the victim does not know whether they are in the control or experimental group 
C)  any study where the researchers and the subjects do not know whether they are in the experimental or control groups 
D)  any study where the researchers know who is in the experimental and control groups but promise not to tell the subjects

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  non-equivalent-groups and time-series designs are two general types of quasi-experiments 
B)  experiments and time-series designs are two general types of quasi-experiments 
C)  all research purposes are amenable to the use of experimental designs 
D)  all of the above are true 
A)  non-equivalent-groups and time-series designs are two general types of quasi-experiments 
B)  experiments and time-series designs are two general types of quasi-experiments 
C)  all research purposes are amenable to the use of experimental designs 
D)  all of the above are true

Question 3

When neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group the design is said to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional 
B)  double-blind 
C)  a blind experiment 
D)  of no value 
A)  cross-sectional 
B)  double-blind 
C)  a blind experiment 
D)  of no value

Question 4

Which of the following is not an accurate example of threats to internal validity of experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  subjects dropping out of an experiment is a form of mortality 
B)  creaming is a form of selection bias 
C)  control group members work harder as a form of compensatory rivalry 
D)  ability to measure subjects consistently over time 
A)  subjects dropping out of an experiment is a form of mortality 
B)  creaming is a form of selection bias 
C)  control group members work harder as a form of compensatory rivalry 
D)  ability to measure subjects consistently over time

Question 5

An interrupted time-series design can be very useful in what type of research?

Accepted Answer

A)  applied research 
B)  exploratory research 
C)  descriptive research 
D)  double-blind research 
A)  applied research 
B)  exploratory research 
C)  descriptive research 
D)  double-blind research

Question 6

Researchers conduct experiments copiously in an attempt to develop a more generalized understanding about:

Accepted Answer

A)  criminal behavior 
B)  the sciences 
C)  the world we live in 
D)  human behavior 
A)  criminal behavior 
B)  the sciences 
C)  the world we live in 
D)  human behavior

Question 7

If randomization is not possible,what should the researcher do?

Accepted Answer

A)  pre and posttest 
B)  use the classical design 
C)  consider using a quasi-experimental design 
D)  randomization is always possible 
A)  pre and posttest 
B)  use the classical design 
C)  consider using a quasi-experimental design 
D)  randomization is always possible

Question 8

Experimentation is an approach to research best suited for exploration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The statement,'there are no simple formulas for designing an experimental or quasi­experimental study' suggests:

Accepted Answer

A)  that there is an infinite variety of ways to design a study 
B)  that there is a finite variety of ways to design a study 
C)  that the one constant is the use of randomization in experiments 
D)  experiments and quasi-experiments should be used only as a last resort 
A)  that there is an infinite variety of ways to design a study 
B)  that there is a finite variety of ways to design a study 
C)  that the one constant is the use of randomization in experiments 
D)  experiments and quasi-experiments should be used only as a last resort

Question 10

What type of design is illustrated in the following diagram? Experimental Group 0 X 0 Control Group 0 0 Measurement time1 time2 time3

Accepted Answer

A)  time-series design 
B)  classical experiment 
C)  cohort design 
D)  nonequivalent-groups design 
A)  time-series design 
B)  classical experiment 
C)  cohort design 
D)  nonequivalent-groups design

Question 11

When random assignment to experimental and control groups is not possible the researcher may be forced to use a(n) ____________________ design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When random assignment to experimental and control...

Question 12

How can a researcher be sure that threats to internal validity are being ruled out in the design?

Accepted Answer

A)  sorting out what threats are applicable in which settings 
B)  comparing the results of several post-tests 
C)  random selection will rule out, or greatly reduce the chances for statistical regression 
D)  all the above 
A)  sorting out what threats are applicable in which settings 
B)  comparing the results of several post-tests 
C)  random selection will rule out, or greatly reduce the chances for statistical regression 
D)  all the above

Question 13

In criminal justice experiments,what serves as a guard against the effects of the experiments themselves as well as events that may occur outside the laboratory during the course of experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  variable groups 
B)  control groups 
C)  administrative groups 
D)  posttest groups 
A)  variable groups 
B)  control groups 
C)  administrative groups 
D)  posttest groups

Question 14

There may be legal reasons why randomization cannot be used in criminal justice research to assign subjects to either a control group or an experimental group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

To assess the impact of child abuse upon later criminality,Dr.Rose chose to select some adults whose names appeared as child abuse victims in local police records and another group of adults who were not victims of abuse.What technique is being employed?

Accepted Answer

A)  cohort design 
B)  classical experiment 
C)  double-blind experiment 
D)  nonequivalent-group design 
A)  cohort design 
B)  classical experiment 
C)  double-blind experiment 
D)  nonequivalent-group design

Question 16

A(n)_____________ experiment guards against experimenters' tendency to prejudge results by eliminating the possibility of either the researcher or the subjects knowing which group is the control and which group is the experimental.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)_____________ experiment guards against experimenters' tendency to...

Question 17

Social science researchers use a control group that hasn't received the experimental stimulus in order to do what?

Accepted Answer

A)  to measure the effect of the independent variable upon the control group 
B)  as another measure of the effect the independent variable has upon the dependent variable in the experimental group 
C)  as another measure of the effect the independent variable has upon the dependent variable in the control group 
D)  to measure the effect of the dependent variable upon the independent variable in the control group 
A)  to measure the effect of the independent variable upon the control group 
B)  as another measure of the effect the independent variable has upon the dependent variable in the experimental group 
C)  as another measure of the effect the independent variable has upon the dependent variable in the control group 
D)  to measure the effect of the dependent variable upon the independent variable in the control group

Question 18

In Martin Gill's research on the effectiveness of CCTV projects in the UK,which of the following techniques did he use?

Accepted Answer

A)  the research measured fear of crime by citizens before and after the cameras went up 
B)  the research measured police data before the cameras went up 
C)  comparison was made only in the area where cameras were in use 
D)  measured if the offenders changed the type of crimes they were committing 
A)  the research measured fear of crime by citizens before and after the cameras went up 
B)  the research measured police data before the cameras went up 
C)  comparison was made only in the area where cameras were in use 
D)  measured if the offenders changed the type of crimes they were committing

Question 19

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  some subjects are older than others 
B)  as people grow and change, results can be impacted 
C)  only subjects over the age of 21 are mature enough to be part of an experiment 
D)  none of the above 
A)  some subjects are older than others 
B)  as people grow and change, results can be impacted 
C)  only subjects over the age of 21 are mature enough to be part of an experiment 
D)  none of the above

Question 20

In a classical experiment the researcher uses a _________to offset the effects of the experiment itself.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a classical experiment the researcher uses...

All but which of the following are examples of double-blind studies?

Which of the following statements is true?

When neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group the design is said to be:

Which of the following is not an accurate example of threats to internal validity of experiments?

An interrupted time-series design can be very useful in what type of research?

Researchers conduct experiments copiously in an attempt to develop a more generalized understanding about:

If randomization is not possible,what should the researcher do?

Experimentation is an approach to research best suited for exploration.

The statement,'there are no simple formulas for designing an experimental or quasiexperimental study' suggests:

What type of design is illustrated in the following diagram? Experimental Group 0 X 0 Control Group 0 0 Measurement time1 time2 time3

When random assignment to experimental and control groups is not possible the researcher may be forced to use a(n) ____________________ design.

How can a researcher be sure that threats to internal validity are being ruled out in the design?

In criminal justice experiments,what serves as a guard against the effects of the experiments themselves as well as events that may occur outside the laboratory during the course of experiments?

There may be legal reasons why randomization cannot be used in criminal justice research to assign subjects to either a control group or an experimental group.

To assess the impact of child abuse upon later criminality,Dr.Rose chose to select some adults whose names appeared as child abuse victims in local police records and another group of adults who were not victims of abuse.What technique is being employed?

A(n)_____________ experiment guards against experimenters' tendency to prejudge results by eliminating the possibility of either the researcher or the subjects knowing which group is the control and which group is the experimental.

Social science researchers use a control group that hasn't received the experimental stimulus in order to do what?

In Martin Gill's research on the effectiveness of CCTV projects in the UK,which of the following techniques did he use?

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to:

In a classical experiment the researcher uses a _________to offset the effects of the experiment itself.

Crime Criminal-Justice And-Scientific-Inquiry

Theory and Criminal Justice Research

Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

General Issues In Research Design

Concepts Operationalization And-Measurement

Measuring-Crime

Sampling

Survey Research and Other Ways of Asking Questions

Qualitative-Interviewing

Field-Research

Agency Records Content Analysis And Secondary Data

Evaluation Research and Problem Analysis

Interpreting-Data

Filters

Exam 7: Experimental and Quasi Experimental Designs

All but which of the following are examples of double-blind studies?

Which of the following statements is true?

When neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group the design is said to be:

Which of the following is not an accurate example of threats to internal validity of experiments?

An interrupted time-series design can be very useful in what type of research?

Researchers conduct experiments copiously in an attempt to develop a more generalized understanding about:

If randomization is not possible,what should the researcher do?

Experimentation is an approach to research best suited for exploration.

The statement,'there are no simple formulas for designing an experimental or quasi­experimental study' suggests:

What type of design is illustrated in the following diagram? Experimental Group 0 X 0 Control Group 0 0 Measurement time1 time2 time3

When random assignment to experimental and control groups is not possible the researcher may be forced to use a(n) ____________________ design.

How can a researcher be sure that threats to internal validity are being ruled out in the design?

In criminal justice experiments,what serves as a guard against the effects of the experiments themselves as well as events that may occur outside the laboratory during the course of experiments?

There may be legal reasons why randomization cannot be used in criminal justice research to assign subjects to either a control group or an experimental group.

To assess the impact of child abuse upon later criminality,Dr.Rose chose to select some adults whose names appeared as child abuse victims in local police records and another group of adults who were not victims of abuse.What technique is being employed?

A(n)_____________ experiment guards against experimenters' tendency to prejudge results by eliminating the possibility of either the researcher or the subjects knowing which group is the control and which group is the experimental.

Social science researchers use a control group that hasn't received the experimental stimulus in order to do what?

In Martin Gill's research on the effectiveness of CCTV projects in the UK,which of the following techniques did he use?

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to:

In a classical experiment the researcher uses a _________to offset the effects of the experiment itself.

Crime Criminal-Justice And-Scientific-Inquiry

Theory and Criminal Justice Research

Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

General Issues In Research Design

Concepts Operationalization And-Measurement

Measuring-Crime

Sampling

Survey Research and Other Ways of Asking Questions

Qualitative-Interviewing

Field-Research

Agency Records Content Analysis And Secondary Data

Evaluation Research and Problem Analysis

Interpreting-Data

Filters

The statement,'there are no simple formulas for designing an experimental or quasiexperimental study' suggests: