Question 1

Consult the figure below.Abundant swamps led to the formation of coal during the Late Paleozoic in which of the following places?

Accepted Answer

A) India 
B) southern Africa 
C) North America 
D) Antarctica 
A) India 
B) southern Africa 
C) North America 
D) Antarctica C

Question 2

Consult the figure below.Hawaii is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) hot-spot volcanism 
B) mid-ocean-ridge volcanism 
C) a volcanic island arc formed by subduction 
D) transform margin 
A) hot-spot volcanism 
B) mid-ocean-ridge volcanism 
C) a volcanic island arc formed by subduction 
D) transform margin A

Question 3

Slab pull occurs because subducting slabs are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) less mafic,and therefore less dense,than surrounding asthenosphere 
B) cooler,and therefore more dense,than surrounding asthenosphere 
C) hotter,and therefore more dense,than surrounding asthenosphere 
D) cooler,and therefore less dense,than surrounding asthenosphere 
A) less mafic,and therefore less dense,than surrounding asthenosphere 
B) cooler,and therefore more dense,than surrounding asthenosphere 
C) hotter,and therefore more dense,than surrounding asthenosphere 
D) cooler,and therefore less dense,than surrounding asthenosphere B

Question 4

Deformed (bent,stretched,or cracked)lithosphere occurs ________.

Accepted Answer

A) randomly over the surface of Earth 
B) primarily within the interiors of tectonic plates 
C) primarily on the margins of tectonic plates 
D) primarily at hot spots 
A) randomly over the surface of Earth 
B) primarily within the interiors of tectonic plates 
C) primarily on the margins of tectonic plates 
D) primarily at hot spots

Question 5

The thickness of oceanic lithosphere is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) nearly uniformly 100 kilometers 
B) greatest at the geographic poles and least near the equator 
C) greatest near the mid-ocean ridges and thins out away from the ridges 
D) least near the mid-ocean ridges and thickens away from the ridges 
A) nearly uniformly 100 kilometers 
B) greatest at the geographic poles and least near the equator 
C) greatest near the mid-ocean ridges and thins out away from the ridges 
D) least near the mid-ocean ridges and thickens away from the ridges

Question 6

Seafloor spreading is driven by volcanic activity ________.

Accepted Answer

A) in the middle of abyssal plains 
B) along mid-ocean ridges 
C) at the edges of continental shelves 
D) along fracture zones 
A) in the middle of abyssal plains 
B) along mid-ocean ridges 
C) at the edges of continental shelves 
D) along fracture zones

Question 7

Beneath a blanket of sediments,oceanic crust is primarily composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) granite 
B) basalt 
C) limestone 
D) coal 
A) granite 
B) basalt 
C) limestone 
D) coal

Question 8

Wegener's idea of continental drift was rejected by American geologists because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) his English was too poor to be understood by them 
B) he could not conceive of a valid mechanism that would cause continents to shift positions 
C) he had relatively little evidence supporting the existence of a supercontinent 
D) the apparent fit of continental coastlines is blurred when the margins are defined by the edges of continental shelves rather than sea level 
A) his English was too poor to be understood by them 
B) he could not conceive of a valid mechanism that would cause continents to shift positions 
C) he had relatively little evidence supporting the existence of a supercontinent 
D) the apparent fit of continental coastlines is blurred when the margins are defined by the edges of continental shelves rather than sea level

Question 9

Hot spots can occur ________.

Accepted Answer

A) only within continental plates 
B) only within oceanic plates 
C) within either continental or oceanic plates 
D) only when the thickness of the crust is less than 10 km 
A) only within continental plates 
B) only within oceanic plates 
C) within either continental or oceanic plates 
D) only when the thickness of the crust is less than 10 km

Question 10

Using the image below,which marine magnetic anomalies show a reversed polarity?

Accepted Answer

A) A,D,E 
B) A,B,F 
C) B,C,F 
D) C,D,F 
A) A,D,E 
B) A,B,F 
C) B,C,F 
D) C,D,F

Question 11

In the geologic past,the polarity of Earth's magnetic field is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) unknown,but it is assumed to have been identical to today's 
B) known to have stayed constant through geologic time,as shown by remnant magnetization of iron-rich minerals in rocks 
C) known to have experienced numerous reversals,as shown by remnant magnetization of iron-rich minerals in rocks 
D) known to have stayed constant through time,based on theoretical calculations 
A) unknown,but it is assumed to have been identical to today's 
B) known to have stayed constant through geologic time,as shown by remnant magnetization of iron-rich minerals in rocks 
C) known to have experienced numerous reversals,as shown by remnant magnetization of iron-rich minerals in rocks 
D) known to have stayed constant through time,based on theoretical calculations

Question 12

With increasing distance from a mid-ocean ridge,the age of oceanic crust ________.

Accepted Answer

A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) stays constant 
D) varies randomly 
A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) stays constant 
D) varies randomly

Question 13

Describe the process of seafloor spreading,making sure to address why the diameter of Earth is not growing.

Accepted Answer

As plates move apart at a divergent plat

Question 14

Regions of the seafloor with positive magnetic anomalies were formed during times when Earth's magnetic field ________.

Accepted Answer

A) was exceptionally strong 
B) was exceptionally weak 
C) had normal polarity 
D) had reversed polarity 
A) was exceptionally strong 
B) was exceptionally weak 
C) had normal polarity 
D) had reversed polarity

Question 15

Which basic type of plate boundary is shown in the image below?

Accepted Answer

A) divergent 
B) convergent 
C) transvergent 
D) transform 
A) divergent 
B) convergent 
C) transvergent 
D) transform

Question 16

Compared to typical oceanic lithosphere,the thickness of continental lithosphere is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) less 
B) greater 
C) approximately the same 
D) There is not a consistent pattern of lithospheric thickness. 
A) less 
B) greater 
C) approximately the same 
D) There is not a consistent pattern of lithospheric thickness.

Question 17

A geologist measures the amount of seafloor produced along a MOR to be 45 km.The oldest crust produced is 4.5 Ma.What is the spreading rate of the MOR in cm/yr? Show your work.

Accepted Answer

First convert km à c

Question 18

Explain why Wegener's theory of continental drift was not originally accepted by geologists of his time?

Accepted Answer

Wegener could not provide a plausible me

Question 19

Summed over the entire surface of Earth,the rate of spreading at divergent boundaries is ________ lithospheric consumption at subduction zones.

Accepted Answer

A) faster than 
B) slower than 
C) equal to 
D) This cannot yet be measured by geologists. 
A) faster than 
B) slower than 
C) equal to 
D) This cannot yet be measured by geologists.

Question 20

Discuss where transform boundaries are primarily found and what their main purpose is.

Accepted Answer

Transform boundaries are primarily found

Exam 2: The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Consult the figure below.Abundant swamps led to the formation of coal during the Late Paleozoic in which of the following places?

Consult the figure below.Hawaii is an example of ________.

Slab pull occurs because subducting slabs are ________.

Deformed (bent,stretched,or cracked)lithosphere occurs ________.

The thickness of oceanic lithosphere is ________.

Seafloor spreading is driven by volcanic activity ________.

Beneath a blanket of sediments,oceanic crust is primarily composed of ________.

Wegener's idea of continental drift was rejected by American geologists because ________.

Hot spots can occur ________.

Using the image below,which marine magnetic anomalies show a reversed polarity?

In the geologic past,the polarity of Earth's magnetic field is ________.

With increasing distance from a mid-ocean ridge,the age of oceanic crust ________.

Describe the process of seafloor spreading,making sure to address why the diameter of Earth is not growing.

Regions of the seafloor with positive magnetic anomalies were formed during times when Earth's magnetic field ________.

Which basic type of plate boundary is shown in the image below?

Compared to typical oceanic lithosphere,the thickness of continental lithosphere is ________.

A geologist measures the amount of seafloor produced along a MOR to be 45 km.The oldest crust produced is 4.5 Ma.What is the spreading rate of the MOR in cm/yr? Show your work.

Explain why Wegener's theory of continental drift was not originally accepted by geologists of his time?

Summed over the entire surface of Earth,the rate of spreading at divergent boundaries is ________ lithospheric consumption at subduction zones.

Discuss where transform boundaries are primarily found and what their main purpose is.

The Earth in Context

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Pages of Earth S Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: A Process of Change

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: The Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: The Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Interlude A: Rock Groups

Interlude B: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

Interlude C: The Rock Cycle

Interlude D: The Earth S Interior Revisited: Insights From Geophysics

Interlude E: Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Interlude F: An Introduction to Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Filters