Question 1

Fissure eruptions take place when ________.

Accepted Answer

A) volatiles effervesce prior to lava flow 
B) groundwater interacts with magma 
C) basaltic lava clogs the eruptive vent 
D) lava erupts out of a long crack in the ground forming a curtain of lava 
A) volatiles effervesce prior to lava flow 
B) groundwater interacts with magma 
C) basaltic lava clogs the eruptive vent 
D) lava erupts out of a long crack in the ground forming a curtain of lava B

Question 2

What was unusual about the 1986 volcano-related disaster near Lake Nyos in Cameroon?

Accepted Answer

A) A volcanic eruption involved a lateral blast of volcanoclastic debris that no one anticipated. 
B) Pyroclastic flows buried surrounding villages,reminiscent of Pompeii ~1,900 years earlier. 
C) Volcanically derived carbon dioxide gas bubbled from the lake and suffocated people and animals nearby. 
D) A slurry of lava and lake water flowed rapidly outward from the lake and buried surrounding villages. 
A) A volcanic eruption involved a lateral blast of volcanoclastic debris that no one anticipated. 
B) Pyroclastic flows buried surrounding villages,reminiscent of Pompeii ~1,900 years earlier. 
C) Volcanically derived carbon dioxide gas bubbled from the lake and suffocated people and animals nearby. 
D) A slurry of lava and lake water flowed rapidly outward from the lake and buried surrounding villages. C

Question 3

The average time between eruptions is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) repose interval 
B) prediction 
C) forecast 
D) assessment 
A) repose interval 
B) prediction 
C) forecast 
D) assessment A

Question 4

The textural term for a basaltic lava flow that has a smooth,ropy appearance is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) pahoehoe 
B) a'a' 
C) pumice 
D) ignimbrite 
A) pahoehoe 
B) a'a' 
C) pumice 
D) ignimbrite

Question 5

How can volcanic eruptions lower the global temperature on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) gases block sunlight 
B) gases trap heat 
C) ash blocks sunlight 
D) ash traps heat 
A) gases block sunlight 
B) gases trap heat 
C) ash blocks sunlight 
D) ash traps heat

Question 6

If a volcano was actively releasing a large amount of volcanic gas and then abruptly stopped,what might happen to the volcano in the near future?

Accepted Answer

A) It will become extinct because the magma supply has been rapidly withdrawn. 
B) It will erupt effusively because the supply of volcanic gas has dissipated. 
C) It will erupt explosively because the volcanic gases have no way to escape slowly. 
D) It will erupt effusively because the gases have made the magma less viscous. 
A) It will become extinct because the magma supply has been rapidly withdrawn. 
B) It will erupt effusively because the supply of volcanic gas has dissipated. 
C) It will erupt explosively because the volcanic gases have no way to escape slowly. 
D) It will erupt effusively because the gases have made the magma less viscous.

Question 7

Which volcanic eruption nearly wiped humanity off the planet?

Accepted Answer

A) 1991-Mount Pinatubo,Philippines 
B) 75Ka- Toba,Indonesia 
C) 1980-Mount St.Helens,USA 
D) 1815-Mount Tambora,Indonesia 
A) 1991-Mount Pinatubo,Philippines 
B) 75Ka- Toba,Indonesia 
C) 1980-Mount St.Helens,USA 
D) 1815-Mount Tambora,Indonesia

Question 8

Based on your knowledge of volcanoes and volcanic products,you can say with confidence that the outcrop in the image below formed ________.

Accepted Answer

A) on land at a continental hotspot 
B) underwater at a subduction zone 
C) on land at a continental rift 
D) underwater at a mid-ocean ridge 
A) on land at a continental hotspot 
B) underwater at a subduction zone 
C) on land at a continental rift 
D) underwater at a mid-ocean ridge

Question 9

The ash released by explosive volcanic eruptions can also produce ________.

Accepted Answer

A) infertile land 
B) unusual sunsets 
C) disruption of magnets 
D) mutations in livestock 
A) infertile land 
B) unusual sunsets 
C) disruption of magnets 
D) mutations in livestock

Question 10

Volcanoes have provided some positive benefits to humankind and life in general over geologic time.Which of the following is NOT true about volcanoes?

Accepted Answer

A) Volcanic eruptions can enrich soils,making land more fertile. 
B) Volatiles from volcanoes provided much of our early oceans' water. 
C) Volcanic eruptions have prevented several mass extinctions by cooling Earth's climate. 
D) Gases from volcanic eruptions provided much of the content of the early atmosphere. 
A) Volcanic eruptions can enrich soils,making land more fertile. 
B) Volatiles from volcanoes provided much of our early oceans' water. 
C) Volcanic eruptions have prevented several mass extinctions by cooling Earth's climate. 
D) Gases from volcanic eruptions provided much of the content of the early atmosphere.

Question 11

Describe how explosive eruptions occur.Make sure to address viscosity,gas content,and the process for building pressure.

Accepted Answer

Explosive eruptions occur when high visc

Question 12

Pillow lavas are associated with ________ eruptions.

Accepted Answer

A) subaerial rhyolitic 
B) subaerial basaltic 
C) submarine rhyolitic 
D) submarine basaltic 
A) subaerial rhyolitic 
B) subaerial basaltic 
C) submarine rhyolitic 
D) submarine basaltic

Question 13

Explosive or voluminous eruptions may cause the volcano to collapse on the floor of the now-empty magma chamber,producing a broad depression termed a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) dike 
B) lahar 
C) caldera 
D) fissure 
A) dike 
B) lahar 
C) caldera 
D) fissure

Question 14

Of the three primary forms of subaerial volcanoes,________ consist of alternating layers of tephra and solidified lava.

Accepted Answer

A) stratovolcanoes 
B) cinder cones 
C) shield volcanoes 
D) fissure volcanoes 
A) stratovolcanoes 
B) cinder cones 
C) shield volcanoes 
D) fissure volcanoes

Question 15

The style of eruption depends on the plate tectonic setting in which the volcano is situated.Compare the different eruption styles you would observe at a divergent versus a convergent plate boundary.Make sure to address composition,viscosity,gas content,and so on in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Eruptions at divergent plate boundaries

Question 16

Felsic magma tends to form ________ eruptions.

Accepted Answer

A) effusive 
B) explosive 
C) intrusive 
D) infusive 
A) effusive 
B) explosive 
C) intrusive 
D) infusive

Question 17

The lower the viscosity of a lava the more likely it is to produce an ________ eruption.

Accepted Answer

A) effusive 
B) explosive 
C) intrusive 
D) infusive 
A) effusive 
B) explosive 
C) intrusive 
D) infusive

Question 18

According to the graph below,what occurred after the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo in the Philippines?

Accepted Answer

A) Global temperatures decreased. 
B) Global temperatures increased. 
C) Global carbon dioxide increased. 
D) Global carbon dioxide decreased. 
A) Global temperatures decreased. 
B) Global temperatures increased. 
C) Global carbon dioxide increased. 
D) Global carbon dioxide decreased.

Question 19

What properties of the source magma lead to the formation of a shield volcano?

Accepted Answer

A) low viscosity and mafic composition 
B) high viscosity and felsic composition 
C) any magma composition so long as it contains a large portion of dissolved volatiles 
D) an intermediate composition magma that encounters seawater in the magma chamber 
A) low viscosity and mafic composition 
B) high viscosity and felsic composition 
C) any magma composition so long as it contains a large portion of dissolved volatiles 
D) an intermediate composition magma that encounters seawater in the magma chamber

Question 20

Felsic magma generally forms in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the mantle 
B) mid-ocean ridges 
C) continental crust 
D) oceanic crust 
A) the mantle 
B) mid-ocean ridges 
C) continental crust 
D) oceanic crust

Exam 5: The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Fissure eruptions take place when ________.

What was unusual about the 1986 volcano-related disaster near Lake Nyos in Cameroon?

The average time between eruptions is called a(n)________.

The textural term for a basaltic lava flow that has a smooth,ropy appearance is ________.

How can volcanic eruptions lower the global temperature on Earth?

If a volcano was actively releasing a large amount of volcanic gas and then abruptly stopped,what might happen to the volcano in the near future?

Which volcanic eruption nearly wiped humanity off the planet?

Based on your knowledge of volcanoes and volcanic products,you can say with confidence that the outcrop in the image below formed ________.

The ash released by explosive volcanic eruptions can also produce ________.

Volcanoes have provided some positive benefits to humankind and life in general over geologic time.Which of the following is NOT true about volcanoes?

Describe how explosive eruptions occur.Make sure to address viscosity,gas content,and the process for building pressure.

Pillow lavas are associated with ________ eruptions.

Explosive or voluminous eruptions may cause the volcano to collapse on the floor of the now-empty magma chamber,producing a broad depression termed a ________.

Of the three primary forms of subaerial volcanoes,________ consist of alternating layers of tephra and solidified lava.

The style of eruption depends on the plate tectonic setting in which the volcano is situated.Compare the different eruption styles you would observe at a divergent versus a convergent plate boundary.Make sure to address composition,viscosity,gas content,and so on in your answer.

Felsic magma tends to form ________ eruptions.

The lower the viscosity of a lava the more likely it is to produce an ________ eruption.

According to the graph below,what occurred after the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo in the Philippines?

What properties of the source magma lead to the formation of a shield volcano?

Felsic magma generally forms in ________.

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Pages of Earth S Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: A Process of Change

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: The Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: The Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Interlude A: Rock Groups

Interlude B: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

Interlude C: The Rock Cycle

Interlude D: The Earth S Interior Revisited: Insights From Geophysics

Interlude E: Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Interlude F: An Introduction to Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

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