Question 1

The competence of a mountain river is ________ than that of a river on a floodplain because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) lower;the gradient is greater 
B) higher;the gradient is greater 
C) lower;there are more boulders 
D) higher;there is more water 
A) lower;the gradient is greater 
B) higher;the gradient is greater 
C) lower;there are more boulders 
D) higher;there is more water B

Question 2

Building dams on rivers traps sediment behind the dams-sediments that would normally have traveled all the way down the river and out into the ocean.How might this sediment starvation affect the coastal beaches?

Accepted Answer

Beach sand along rivers is constantly moving and eroding away.If the beaches are not supplied with fresh sediment from nearby rivers,the beaches will erode away completely.

Question 3

Pirate streams ________.

Accepted Answer

A) consist of a series of intertwined channels that are overloaded with sediment 
B) have flowing water either episodically or during only a portion of the year 
C) have a channel that is highly sinuous (curvy) 
D) form when headward erosion causes one stream to intersect another 
A) consist of a series of intertwined channels that are overloaded with sediment 
B) have flowing water either episodically or during only a portion of the year 
C) have a channel that is highly sinuous (curvy) 
D) form when headward erosion causes one stream to intersect another D

Question 4

A meander that is cut off to become completely isolated from the main channel but which retains water is a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) meander neck 
B) cut bank 
C) oxbow lake 
D) thalweg 
A) meander neck 
B) cut bank 
C) oxbow lake 
D) thalweg

Question 5

The stream gradient of most rivers ________.

Accepted Answer

A) is greater near the source than near the mouth 
B) is greater near the mouth than near the source 
C) does not change significantly as a river flows downstream 
D) is greater for a meandering stream than for any other type 
A) is greater near the source than near the mouth 
B) is greater near the mouth than near the source 
C) does not change significantly as a river flows downstream 
D) is greater for a meandering stream than for any other type

Question 6

Landslides along cut banks are common;how would a landslide along a cut bank affect the discharge of a river (hint: the equation for discharge is D = Ac x Vₐ)?

Accepted Answer

A) The discharge would decrease because the velocity of the river would increase. 
B) The discharge would increase because the velocity of the river would decrease. 
C) The discharge would increase because the cross-sectional area of the river would decrease. 
D) The discharge would increase because the cross-sectional area of the river would increase. 
A) The discharge would decrease because the velocity of the river would increase. 
B) The discharge would increase because the velocity of the river would decrease. 
C) The discharge would increase because the cross-sectional area of the river would decrease. 
D) The discharge would increase because the cross-sectional area of the river would increase.

Question 7

The distinction between a valley and a canyon is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) nonexistent;the two terms are synonymous 
B) that the sides of a canyon are more steep than those of a valley 
C) that the sides of a valley are more steep than those of a canyon 
D) that valleys are often cut by streams,whereas canyons are eroded by the wind 
A) nonexistent;the two terms are synonymous 
B) that the sides of a canyon are more steep than those of a valley 
C) that the sides of a valley are more steep than those of a canyon 
D) that valleys are often cut by streams,whereas canyons are eroded by the wind

Question 8

A(n)________ is formed when a meander neck is cut off from the rest of the river.

Accepted Answer

A) oxbow lake 
B) cut bank 
C) point bar 
D) floodplain 
A) oxbow lake 
B) cut bank 
C) point bar 
D) floodplain

Question 9

At a river delta,which of the following is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The stream gradient decreases. 
B) A single channel breaks into multiple,radiating distributary channels. 
C) The competence decreases. 
D) The stream channel becomes very straight because of the large sediment load. 
A) The stream gradient decreases. 
B) A single channel breaks into multiple,radiating distributary channels. 
C) The competence decreases. 
D) The stream channel becomes very straight because of the large sediment load.

Question 10

The outer edge of a meander,where material is being eroded,is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) meander neck 
B) cut bank 
C) point bar 
D) abandoned meander 
A) meander neck 
B) cut bank 
C) point bar 
D) abandoned meander

Question 11

Ephemeral streams ________.

Accepted Answer

A) consist of a series of intertwined channels that are overloaded with sediment 
B) have flowing water either episodically or during only a portion of the year 
C) have a channel that is highly sinuous (curvy) 
D) are those that divert flow from streams they have intersected through stream erosion 
A) consist of a series of intertwined channels that are overloaded with sediment 
B) have flowing water either episodically or during only a portion of the year 
C) have a channel that is highly sinuous (curvy) 
D) are those that divert flow from streams they have intersected through stream erosion

Question 12

Ultimately,the base level of a stream valley can be no lower than the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) average elevation of the continent on which it is found 
B) average elevation of the sea 
C) average elevation of the local catchment 
D) maximum elevation of the local catchment 
A) average elevation of the continent on which it is found 
B) average elevation of the sea 
C) average elevation of the local catchment 
D) maximum elevation of the local catchment

Question 13

One way to mitigate flooding is to build ________,which are areas that are intended to flood and as such are not zoned for buildings.

Accepted Answer

A) floodways 
B) floodplains 
C) peneplains 
D) artificial levees 
A) floodways 
B) floodplains 
C) peneplains 
D) artificial levees

Question 14

As the velocity of flow decreases,which of the following is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) The flow tends to become more laminar. 
B) The competence increases. 
C) Suspended sediment starts to be deposited. 
D) The saltation of the bed load may cease. 
A) The flow tends to become more laminar. 
B) The competence increases. 
C) Suspended sediment starts to be deposited. 
D) The saltation of the bed load may cease.

Question 15

In a region with prominent orthogonal (perpendicular to each other)sets of joints,a ________ drainage network is expected.

Accepted Answer

A) dendritic 
B) radial 
C) rectangular 
D) trellis 
A) dendritic 
B) radial 
C) rectangular 
D) trellis

Question 16

The discharge of a river will increase if ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the water in the river slows down 
B) it rains in the drainage basin area 
C) the area does not receive rain for a while 
D) sediments settle to the bottom of the river 
A) the water in the river slows down 
B) it rains in the drainage basin area 
C) the area does not receive rain for a while 
D) sediments settle to the bottom of the river

Question 17

The figure below shows an example of a ________ drainage network.

Accepted Answer

A) dendritic 
B) radial 
C) rectangular 
D) trellis 
A) dendritic 
B) radial 
C) rectangular 
D) trellis

Question 18

The figure below shows an example of a ________ drainage network.

Accepted Answer

A) dendritic 
B) radial 
C) rectangular 
D) trellis 
A) dendritic 
B) radial 
C) rectangular 
D) trellis

Question 19

The discharge of a river traveling through a temperate region will typically ________ downstream;the discharge of a river traveling through an arid region will typically ________ downstream.

Accepted Answer

A) increase;increase 
B) decrease;decrease 
C) increase;decrease 
D) decrease;increase 
A) increase;increase 
B) decrease;decrease 
C) increase;decrease 
D) decrease;increase

Question 20

In uniform sediments with a relatively constant and gentle slope at the surface,a ________ drainage network is expected.

Accepted Answer

A) dendritic 
B) radial 
C) rectangular 
D) trellis 
A) dendritic 
B) radial 
C) rectangular 
D) trellis

Exam 14: Streams and Floods: The Geology of Running Water

The competence of a mountain river is ________ than that of a river on a floodplain because ________.

Building dams on rivers traps sediment behind the dams-sediments that would normally have traveled all the way down the river and out into the ocean.How might this sediment starvation affect the coastal beaches?

Pirate streams ________.

A meander that is cut off to become completely isolated from the main channel but which retains water is a(n)________.

The stream gradient of most rivers ________.

Landslides along cut banks are common;how would a landslide along a cut bank affect the discharge of a river (hint: the equation for discharge is D = Ac x Vₐ)?

The distinction between a valley and a canyon is ________.

A(n)________ is formed when a meander neck is cut off from the rest of the river.

At a river delta,which of the following is FALSE?

The outer edge of a meander,where material is being eroded,is called a(n)________.

Ephemeral streams ________.

Ultimately,the base level of a stream valley can be no lower than the ________.

One way to mitigate flooding is to build ________,which are areas that are intended to flood and as such are not zoned for buildings.

As the velocity of flow decreases,which of the following is NOT true?

In a region with prominent orthogonal (perpendicular to each other)sets of joints,a ________ drainage network is expected.

The discharge of a river will increase if ________.

The figure below shows an example of a ________ drainage network.

The figure below shows an example of a ________ drainage network.

The discharge of a river traveling through a temperate region will typically ________ downstream;the discharge of a river traveling through an arid region will typically ________ downstream.

In uniform sediments with a relatively constant and gentle slope at the surface,a ________ drainage network is expected.

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Pages of Earth S Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: A Process of Change

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: The Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Interlude A: Rock Groups

Interlude B: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

Interlude C: The Rock Cycle

Interlude D: The Earth S Interior Revisited: Insights From Geophysics

Interlude E: Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Interlude F: An Introduction to Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Filters

The competence of a mountain river is than that of a river on a floodplain because .

The discharge of a river traveling through a temperate region will typically downstream;the discharge of a river traveling through an arid region will typically downstream.