Question 1

In which of the following ways are content and face validity similar?

Accepted Answer

A) Both involve subjective judgments. 
B) Both involve judgments based on participants' opinions. 
C) Both are preferred by psychologists as measures of validity. 
D) Both are necessary for predictive validity. 
A) Both involve subjective judgments. 
B) Both involve judgments based on participants' opinions. 
C) Both are preferred by psychologists as measures of validity. 
D) Both are necessary for predictive validity.

Question 2

An educational psychologist is testing the discriminant validity of a new measure of numerical learning difficulties.He gives his measure to a group of students along with another measure of verbal learning difficulties,which he predicts should not be strongly related to numerical learning difficulties.Which of the following correlations would the psychologist hope to find in order to establish discriminant validity?

Accepted Answer

A) r = 1.0 
B) r = -1.0 
C) r = 0.83 
D) r = -0.18 
A) r = 1.0 
B) r = -1.0 
C) r = 0.83 
D) r = -0.18

Question 3

Given the above situation,explain the difference between criterion validity,convergent validity,and discriminant validity.Why is each one important?

Accepted Answer

Criterion validity is a measure's abilit

Question 4

Hosea is studying the relationship between caffeine consumption and problem-solving ability.Which of the following is a categorical way to operationalize caffeine consumption?

Accepted Answer

A) The number of glasses of soda consumed in a day 
B) The number of milligrams of caffeine consumed during the study 
C) The frequency of buying coffee drinks 
D) Whether the participant drank a soda in the 24 hours prior to the study 
A) The number of glasses of soda consumed in a day 
B) The number of milligrams of caffeine consumed during the study 
C) The frequency of buying coffee drinks 
D) Whether the participant drank a soda in the 24 hours prior to the study

Question 5

Dr.Li is interested in creating a measurement of religiosity.According to the dictionary,religiosity is "the quality of being religious;piety;devoutness." He creates a measure comprising 10 statements.People respond to each statement using the following scale (1 = strongly disagree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree,5 = strongly agree).Some of the statements are below.
Statement 1: "I believe in a religion."
Statement 2: "Part of who I am stems from my religious beliefs."
Statement 3: "I believe that religion is unnecessary."

-Dr.Li gives his new measure to a group of 100 adults in order to test the internal validity of his measure.What type of correlation coefficients (r)would Dr.Li expect to find between Statement 1 and Statement 2 and between Statement 1 and Statement 3? What would these correlation coefficients tell Dr.Li about the internal reliability of his measure?

Accepted Answer

The first correlation coefficient (S1 an

Question 6

Explain the difference between validity and reliability.Explain whether they are related or independent concepts.

Accepted Answer

Students should state that reliability i

Question 7

For his research methods class,Felipe plans to watch how teachers treat children in their classrooms who have ADHD.He will evaluate how positively or negatively the children are treated.This is an example of what type of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-report measurement 
B) Observational measurement 
C) Physiological measurement 
D) Archival measurement 
A) Self-report measurement 
B) Observational measurement 
C) Physiological measurement 
D) Archival measurement

Question 8

Dr.Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling.Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble.Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition,he creates a new measure of pathological gambling.The measure has 15 questions,and it takes 20 minutes to complete.

-Dr.Sheffield gives his measure to his supervisor,who is also an expert in pathological gambling.His supervisor says that his measure appears to test all the components of pathological gambling,including feeling restless when attempting to stop gambling,jeopardizing jobs in order to keep gambling,and using gambling to escape from problems and a bad mood.Given this information,Dr.Sheffield's measure has evidence of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Content validity 
B) Predictive validity 
C) Criterion validity 
D) Discriminant validity 
A) Content validity 
B) Predictive validity 
C) Criterion validity 
D) Discriminant validity

Question 9

Lauren,Sarah,and Jennifer are students in Dr.Shaffer's Research Methods class.For a class assignment,they are asked to devise an operational definition for romantic attachment,or love.Lauren decides to ask a group of married couples to report if they are in love with their spouse (1 indicates "Yes,I am in love" and 2 indicates "No,I am not in love").Sarah decides to watch couples sitting on campus and measure how close they sit together,assuming that people who sit closer together are more in love.Jennifer decides to recruit a group of newlyweds and measure the change in heart rate that occurs between the start of the study (when the person is alone)and the moment they see their spouse walk into the room.

-For each student described above,indicate whether the operational definition of her variable is categorical or quantitative.If a student's operational variable is categorical,explain whether it could or could not be made quantitative and how you would do that.

Accepted Answer

Lauren's operational definition is categ

Question 10

Name the three types of reliability and the four types of validity.

Accepted Answer

The student should state the three types

Question 11

In interrogating the construct validity of a measure,which question should a researcher ask?

Accepted Answer

A) Is there enough evidence that this measure is valid? 
B) Do I know that this measure is valid? 
C) Does this measure have the right kind of validity? 
D) Has an expert said that this measure is valid? 
A) Is there enough evidence that this measure is valid? 
B) Do I know that this measure is valid? 
C) Does this measure have the right kind of validity? 
D) Has an expert said that this measure is valid?

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of scatterplots?

Accepted Answer

A) They can be used to examine interrater reliability. 
B) They can be used to examine internal reliability. 
C) They should not be used for examining reliability. 
D) They are the preferred method for examining all types of reliability. 
A) They can be used to examine interrater reliability. 
B) They can be used to examine internal reliability. 
C) They should not be used for examining reliability. 
D) They are the preferred method for examining all types of reliability.

Question 13

Dr.Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling.Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble.Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition,he creates a new measure of pathological gambling.The measure has 15 questions,and it takes 20 minutes to complete.

-Dr.Sheffield decides to test the criterion validity of his measure.Dr.Sheffield gives his measure to a group of people that includes suspected problem gamblers and nongamblers.Which of the following options below does he also need to do to get evidence for criterion validity?

Accepted Answer

A) Give the measure to a group of people attending Gamblers Anonymous meetings 
B) Two months later,ask the same group of people to report how many times they have gambled recently 
C) Ask the participants to give their opinion on whether the measure is valid 
D) Give a measure of alcohol addiction to the same group of clients 
A) Give the measure to a group of people attending Gamblers Anonymous meetings 
B) Two months later,ask the same group of people to report how many times they have gambled recently 
C) Ask the participants to give their opinion on whether the measure is valid 
D) Give a measure of alcohol addiction to the same group of clients

Question 14

Dr.Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling.Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble.Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition,he creates a new measure of pathological gambling.The measure has 15 questions,and it takes 20 minutes to complete.

-If Dr.Sheffield's measure does not actually measure pathological gambling,his measure is said to lack which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Validity 
B) Reliability 
C) Conceptualization 
D) Operationalization 
A) Validity 
B) Reliability 
C) Conceptualization 
D) Operationalization

Question 15

Dr.Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling.Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble.Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition,he creates a new measure of pathological gambling.The measure has 15 questions,and it takes 20 minutes to complete.

-Dr.Sheffield wants to establish the discriminant validity of his pathological gambling measure.He gives his measure and three others to a group of 100 people.Which of the following provides the best evidence for discriminant validity?

Accepted Answer

A) That his measure is not strongly correlated with a measure of impulsivity 
B) That his measure is not strongly correlated with the number of friends people have 
C) That his measure is strongly correlated with a measure of alcohol addiction 
D) That his measure is strongly correlated with a measure of self esteem 
A) That his measure is not strongly correlated with a measure of impulsivity 
B) That his measure is not strongly correlated with the number of friends people have 
C) That his measure is strongly correlated with a measure of alcohol addiction 
D) That his measure is strongly correlated with a measure of self esteem

Question 16

Dr.Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling.Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble.Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition,he creates a new measure of pathological gambling.The measure has 15 questions,and it takes 20 minutes to complete.

-Dr.Sheffield has now decided that he wants to test his measure on some university students (who some estimates say have a 6% prevalence rate of compulsive gambling).He has a group of 100 university students complete his measure.He also has them complete two other measures (one that measures addictive behavior in general and one that measures general attitudes toward gambling).He finds that his new measure is positively associated with each of these other measures.This procedure has provided evidence for the ________ of Dr.Sheffield's measure.

Accepted Answer

A) Content validity 
B) Predictive validity 
C) Convergent validity 
D) Discriminant validity 
A) Content validity 
B) Predictive validity 
C) Convergent validity 
D) Discriminant validity

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an example of physiological measurement?

Accepted Answer

A) Measurements of hormones in the bloodstream 
B) Blood pressure measurements 
C) Number of panic attacks a patient reports 
D) A brain scan made using an fMRI 
A) Measurements of hormones in the bloodstream 
B) Blood pressure measurements 
C) Number of panic attacks a patient reports 
D) A brain scan made using an fMRI

Question 18

Explain why your textbook argues,"In fact,operationalizations are one place where creativity comes into the research process."

Accepted Answer

Students should say that this statement

Question 19

Dr.Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling.Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble.Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition,he creates a new measure of pathological gambling.The measure has 15 questions,and it takes 20 minutes to complete.

-To test his measure,Dr.Sheffield gives his measure to a group of his clients and at the same time measures how many times they have been gambling in the past month.He predicts that clients who score higher on his measure will also report gambling more times in the past month.This procedure is meant to provide evidence for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Face validity 
B) Content validity 
C) Criterion validity 
D) Discriminant validity 
A) Face validity 
B) Content validity 
C) Criterion validity 
D) Discriminant validity

Question 20

Dr.Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling.Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble.Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition,he creates a new measure of pathological gambling.The measure has 15 questions,and it takes 20 minutes to complete.

-To test his measure,Dr.Sheffield gives his measure to a group of people in Gamblers Anonymous (GA)and another group of people in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).He finds that people in the GA group have higher scores on his new measure than people in the AA group.This procedure is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A) Test-retest paradigm 
B) Known-groups paradigm 
C) Prediction paradigm 
D) Group evaluation paradigm 
A) Test-retest paradigm 
B) Known-groups paradigm 
C) Prediction paradigm 
D) Group evaluation paradigm

In which of the following ways are content and face validity similar?

Given the above situation,explain the difference between criterion validity,convergent validity,and discriminant validity.Why is each one important?

Hosea is studying the relationship between caffeine consumption and problem-solving ability.Which of the following is a categorical way to operationalize caffeine consumption?

Explain the difference between validity and reliability.Explain whether they are related or independent concepts.

For his research methods class,Felipe plans to watch how teachers treat children in their classrooms who have ADHD.He will evaluate how positively or negatively the children are treated.This is an example of what type of measurement?

Name the three types of reliability and the four types of validity.

In interrogating the construct validity of a measure,which question should a researcher ask?

Which of the following is NOT true of scatterplots?

Which of the following is NOT an example of physiological measurement?

Explain why your textbook argues,"In fact,operationalizations are one place where creativity comes into the research process."

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Evaluating, finding, and Reading Information

Three Claims, four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Replicability, generalization, and the Real World

Filters

Exam 5: Identifying Good Measurement

In which of the following ways are content and face validity similar?

Given the above situation,explain the difference between criterion validity,convergent validity,and discriminant validity.Why is each one important?

Hosea is studying the relationship between caffeine consumption and problem-solving ability.Which of the following is a categorical way to operationalize caffeine consumption?

Explain the difference between validity and reliability.Explain whether they are related or independent concepts.

For his research methods class,Felipe plans to watch how teachers treat children in their classrooms who have ADHD.He will evaluate how positively or negatively the children are treated.This is an example of what type of measurement?

Name the three types of reliability and the four types of validity.

In interrogating the construct validity of a measure,which question should a researcher ask?

Which of the following is NOT true of scatterplots?

Which of the following is NOT an example of physiological measurement?

Explain why your textbook argues,"In fact,operationalizations are one place where creativity comes into the research process."

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Evaluating, finding, and Reading Information

Three Claims, four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Replicability, generalization, and the Real World

Filters