Question 1

Explain why many people feel that physiological measurements are the best way to operationalize a variable but why they may not,in fact,be the best.

Accepted Answer

Students should say that many people may

Question 2

Dr.Valencia is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer social interactions than those who are not narcissistic.One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not.She decides to use the scale created by a colleague,the Mayo scale.Question 1 reads,"I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself." Question 2 reads,"I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads,"I think other people think I am really special."

-Before using the measure in her study,Dr.Valencia analyzes the data she gets from her students.She looks at the relationship between each of the individual questions.She sees that participants who agree with Question 1 also agree with Question 3 and disagree with Question 2.This is a test of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Interrater reliability 
B) Internal reliability 
C) Test-retest reliability 
D) Construct reliability 
A) Interrater reliability 
B) Internal reliability 
C) Test-retest reliability 
D) Construct reliability

Question 3

Another word for discriminant validity is ________ validity.

Accepted Answer

A) Convergent 
B) Asymmetrical 
C) Divergent 
D) Multiple 
A) Convergent 
B) Asymmetrical 
C) Divergent 
D) Multiple

Question 4

Why are convergent and discriminant validity often evaluated together?

Accepted Answer

A) Both terms mean the same thing. 
B) Both involve collecting information from a lot of psychological measures of theoretical interest. 
C) Both require the use of scatterplots. 
D) Both have to be determined by a panel of experts. 
A) Both terms mean the same thing. 
B) Both involve collecting information from a lot of psychological measures of theoretical interest. 
C) Both require the use of scatterplots. 
D) Both have to be determined by a panel of experts.

Question 5

Dr.Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling.Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble.Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition,he creates a new measure of pathological gambling.The measure has 15 questions,and it takes 20 minutes to complete.

-Dr.Sheffield has decided to test the discriminant validity of his new measure.He has a group of first-time Gamblers Anonymous (GA)attendants complete his measure and finds that they score higher than a group of people who do not attend the group.Which of the following results would provide evidence for discriminant validity?

Accepted Answer

A) He finds that the GA attendees score higher on his measure than the non-GA attendees. 
B) He finds that the measure of gambling is not correlated with a measure of life satisfaction in the same two groups of people. 
C) He finds that more recent GA joiners score higher than veteran GA attendees,who are more recovered. 
D) He finds that the measure he used is also associated with people's past diagnoses of pathological gambling. 
A) He finds that the GA attendees score higher on his measure than the non-GA attendees. 
B) He finds that the measure of gambling is not correlated with a measure of life satisfaction in the same two groups of people. 
C) He finds that more recent GA joiners score higher than veteran GA attendees,who are more recovered. 
D) He finds that the measure he used is also associated with people's past diagnoses of pathological gambling.

Question 6

Asking many similar questions when trying to measure a concept is done to:

Accepted Answer

A) Ensure validity 
B) Cancel out measurement error 
C) Make sure participants are not lying 
D) Allow participants to skip questions 
A) Ensure validity 
B) Cancel out measurement error 
C) Make sure participants are not lying 
D) Allow participants to skip questions

Question 7

Dr.Valencia is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer social interactions than those who are not narcissistic.One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not.She decides to use the scale created by a colleague,the Mayo scale.Question 1 reads,"I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself." Question 2 reads,"I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads,"I think other people think I am really special."

-Dr.Valencia decides to test the internal reliability of her measure.Which of the following results would make her happy?

Accepted Answer

A) a = 0.10 
B) a = -0.03 
C) a = 0.95 
D) a = -0.98 
A) a = 0.10 
B) a = -0.03 
C) a = 0.95 
D) a = -0.98

Question 8

What does it mean that "reliability is necessary but not sufficient for validity"?

Accepted Answer

A) If a measure is reliable,it is also valid. 
B) If a measure is valid,it is also reliable. 
C) Reliability and validity are unrelated concepts. 
D) Reliability and validity are the same concept. 
A) If a measure is reliable,it is also valid. 
B) If a measure is valid,it is also reliable. 
C) Reliability and validity are unrelated concepts. 
D) Reliability and validity are the same concept.

Question 9

Dr.Valencia is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer social interactions than those who are not narcissistic.One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not.She decides to use the scale created by a colleague,the Mayo scale.Question 1 reads,"I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself." Question 2 reads,"I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads,"I think other people think I am really special."

-Dr.Valencia is concerned whether her measure will really measure narcissism or if it will measure some other related concept.She is concerned about the scale's ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Operational definition 
B) Validity 
C) Reliability 
D) Convenience 
A) Operational definition 
B) Validity 
C) Reliability 
D) Convenience

Question 10

How many subcategories of quantitative variables exist?

Accepted Answer

A) Two 
B) Three 
C) Four 
D) Five 
A) Two 
B) Three 
C) Four 
D) Five

Question 11

Dr.Li is interested in creating a measurement of religiosity.According to the dictionary,religiosity is "the quality of being religious;piety;devoutness." He creates a measure comprising 10 statements.People respond to each statement using the following scale (1 = strongly disagree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree,5 = strongly agree).Some of the statements are below.
Statement 1: "I believe in a religion."
Statement 2: "Part of who I am stems from my religious beliefs."
Statement 3: "I believe that religion is unnecessary."

-Provide a suggestion for how Dr.Li could establish the criterion validity of his measure.

Accepted Answer

Criterion validity could be established

Question 12

Imagine that you are trying to measure people's stress.Provide three quantitative definitions of stress: one that is ordinal,one that is interval,and one that is ratio.

Accepted Answer

Students should create definitions that

Question 13

Dr.Li is interested in creating a measurement of religiosity.According to the dictionary,religiosity is "the quality of being religious;piety;devoutness." He creates a measure comprising 10 statements.People respond to each statement using the following scale (1 = strongly disagree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree,5 = strongly agree).Some of the statements are below.
Statement 1: "I believe in a religion."
Statement 2: "Part of who I am stems from my religious beliefs."
Statement 3: "I believe that religion is unnecessary."

-Name two types of reliability that apply to Dr.Li's measure and how each one could be established,given the above scenario.

Accepted Answer

Students should name test-retest reliabi

Question 14

What is the difference between a ratio scale of measurement and an interval scale of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A) A ratio scale of measurement has a zero value that actually means "nothing" or "the absence of something," but an interval scale does not. 
B) An interval scale of measurement is a type of measurement used for categorical measurements,but a ratio scale is used for quantitative measurements. 
C) An interval scale has equal intervals,but a ratio scale does not. 
D) A ratio scale of measurement cannot be used to compare people's scores,but interval scales can (e.g. ,Phillip is twice as fast). 
A) A ratio scale of measurement has a zero value that actually means "nothing" or "the absence of something," but an interval scale does not. 
B) An interval scale of measurement is a type of measurement used for categorical measurements,but a ratio scale is used for quantitative measurements. 
C) An interval scale has equal intervals,but a ratio scale does not. 
D) A ratio scale of measurement cannot be used to compare people's scores,but interval scales can (e.g. ,Phillip is twice as fast).

Question 15

Establishing construct validity would probably be most important for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) A measure of blood pressure 
B) A measure of the number of seizures a person has per week 
C) A measure of religiosity 
D) A measure of obesity 
A) A measure of blood pressure 
B) A measure of the number of seizures a person has per week 
C) A measure of religiosity 
D) A measure of obesity

Explain why many people feel that physiological measurements are the best way to operationalize a variable but why they may not,in fact,be the best.

Another word for discriminant validity is ________ validity.

Why are convergent and discriminant validity often evaluated together?

Asking many similar questions when trying to measure a concept is done to:

What does it mean that "reliability is necessary but not sufficient for validity"?

How many subcategories of quantitative variables exist?

Imagine that you are trying to measure people's stress.Provide three quantitative definitions of stress: one that is ordinal,one that is interval,and one that is ratio.

What is the difference between a ratio scale of measurement and an interval scale of measurement?

Establishing construct validity would probably be most important for which of the following?

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Evaluating, finding, and Reading Information

Three Claims, four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Replicability, generalization, and the Real World

Filters

Exam 5: Identifying Good Measurement

Explain why many people feel that physiological measurements are the best way to operationalize a variable but why they may not,in fact,be the best.

Another word for discriminant validity is ________ validity.

Why are convergent and discriminant validity often evaluated together?

Asking many similar questions when trying to measure a concept is done to:

What does it mean that "reliability is necessary but not sufficient for validity"?

How many subcategories of quantitative variables exist?

Imagine that you are trying to measure people's stress.Provide three quantitative definitions of stress: one that is ordinal,one that is interval,and one that is ratio.

What is the difference between a ratio scale of measurement and an interval scale of measurement?

Establishing construct validity would probably be most important for which of the following?

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Evaluating, finding, and Reading Information

Three Claims, four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Replicability, generalization, and the Real World

Filters