Exam 8: Bivariate Correlational Research

Dr.Moynihan conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of panic attacks a person experienced in the past month,the number of nightmares experienced in the past month,and people's levels of neuroticism (a personality trait characterized by instability,anxiety,and worry).She collects a convenience sample of 50 community college students (25 males,25 females).Below are her findings. -A-number of panic attacks in the past month and neuroticism: r = -.03,not sig. -B-number of panic attacks in the past month and number of nightmares in the past month: r = -.14 (p = .05) -C-number of nightmares in the past month and neuroticism: r = .48 (p = .003) -Draw a scatterplot for the three associations found by Dr.Moynihan.

Statistical significance depends on which of the following?

In which of the following cases might a small effect still be important?

Which of the following is true of the relationship between effect size and statistical significance?

Dr.Moynihan conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of panic attacks a person experienced in the past month,the number of nightmares experienced in the past month,and people's levels of neuroticism (a personality trait characterized by instability,anxiety,and worry).She collects a convenience sample of 50 community college students (25 males,25 females).Below are her findings. -A-number of panic attacks in the past month and neuroticism: r = -.03,not sig. -B-number of panic attacks in the past month and number of nightmares in the past month: r = -.14 (p = .05) -C-number of nightmares in the past month and neuroticism: r = .48 (p = .003) -Imagine that Dr.Moynihan is concerned about curvilinear relationships.Which of the three relationships is most likely to be affected by a curvilinear relationship? How should Dr.Moynihan check for this type of relationship? Why would this be effective?

Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings. -Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01) -Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig. -Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04) -The "not sig." in Dr.Oswald's findings indicates all of the following EXCEPT:

Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings. -Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01) -Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig. -Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04) -Dr.Oswald finds that the relationship between the number of friends one has and life satisfaction is stronger for men than for women.In this study,sex (male or female)is considered a/an:

Which of the following is NOT a question you should ask about the statistical validity of an association claim?

Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings. -Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01) -Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig. -Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04) -Considering Dr.Oswald's study,her results could most safely be generalized to which of the groups below?

Dr.Moynihan conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of panic attacks a person experienced in the past month,the number of nightmares experienced in the past month,and people's levels of neuroticism (a personality trait characterized by instability,anxiety,and worry).She collects a convenience sample of 50 community college students (25 males,25 females).Below are her findings. -A-number of panic attacks in the past month and neuroticism: r = -.03,not sig. -B-number of panic attacks in the past month and number of nightmares in the past month: r = -.14 (p = .05) -C-number of nightmares in the past month and neuroticism: r = .48 (p = .003) -Examining Dr.Moynihan's study and using the three criteria of causation,why can she not say that the number of panic attacks in the past month causes one to have fewer nightmares in the same month?

When evaluating the external validity of an association claim,which of the following is the most important issue to consider?

A study finds a correlation coefficient of r = .32 and reports p < .05.The p is a/an ________.

Stronger effect sizes allow for all of the following EXCEPT?

Dr.Moynihan conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of panic attacks a person experienced in the past month,the number of nightmares experienced in the past month,and people's levels of neuroticism (a personality trait characterized by instability,anxiety,and worry).She collects a convenience sample of 50 community college students (25 males,25 females).Below are her findings. -A-number of panic attacks in the past month and neuroticism: r = -.03,not sig. -B-number of panic attacks in the past month and number of nightmares in the past month: r = -.14 (p = .05) -C-number of nightmares in the past month and neuroticism: r = .48 (p = .003) -State two questions that you might ask if you were to interrogate the construct validity of Dr.Moynihan's study.

A study finds a correlation coefficient of r = .32 and reports p < .05.The p value indicates which of the following?