Exam 8: Bivariate Correlational Research

Dr.Moynihan conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of panic attacks a person experienced in the past month,the number of nightmares experienced in the past month,and people's levels of neuroticism (a personality trait characterized by instability,anxiety,and worry).She collects a convenience sample of 50 community college students (25 males,25 females).Below are her findings. -A-number of panic attacks in the past month and neuroticism: r = -.03,not sig. -B-number of panic attacks in the past month and number of nightmares in the past month: r = -.14 (p = .05) -C-number of nightmares in the past month and neuroticism: r = .48 (p = .003) -How strong is the external validity of Dr.Moynihan's study? How does the fact that she finds no differences in the associations in men and women also speak to the study's external validity?

Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings. -Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01) -Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig. -Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04) -Which of the following conclusions can Dr.Oswald draw about the number of friends one has and life satisfaction,based on her statistical analyses?

Dr.Moynihan conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of panic attacks a person experienced in the past month,the number of nightmares experienced in the past month,and people's levels of neuroticism (a personality trait characterized by instability,anxiety,and worry).She collects a convenience sample of 50 community college students (25 males,25 females).Below are her findings. -A-number of panic attacks in the past month and neuroticism: r = -.03,not sig. -B-number of panic attacks in the past month and number of nightmares in the past month: r = -.14 (p = .05) -C-number of nightmares in the past month and neuroticism: r = .48 (p = .003) -Explain the three associations from Dr.Moynihan's study in terms of direction of each association,statistical significance,and effect size (using Cohen's benchmarks).

All of the following are true of outliers EXCEPT:

Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings. -Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01) -Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig. -Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04) -Dr.Oswald has decided to examine one of her relationships with a scatterplot to double-check for a curvilinear relationship.Which relationship will be most important for her to examine?

When examining an association claim using a bar graph,an association is indicated by which of the following?

Which of the following means a study used a bivariate correlational design?

Dr.Moynihan conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of panic attacks a person experienced in the past month,the number of nightmares experienced in the past month,and people's levels of neuroticism (a personality trait characterized by instability,anxiety,and worry).She collects a convenience sample of 50 community college students (25 males,25 females).Below are her findings. -A-number of panic attacks in the past month and neuroticism: r = -.03,not sig. -B-number of panic attacks in the past month and number of nightmares in the past month: r = -.14 (p = .05) -C-number of nightmares in the past month and neuroticism: r = .48 (p = .003) -Of the three findings in Dr.Moynihan's study,which associations are statistically significant? What does it mean that an association is statistically significant?

A study finds a correlation coefficient of r = .32.According to Cohen's benchmarks,the magnitude of this effect is:

Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings. -Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01) -Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig. -Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04) -Matt,Dr.Oswald's research assistant,is discussing the findings of the study with some other students.He claims that the experience of more daily stress causes people to have lower life satisfaction.Which of the following causal criteria did Matt meet?

Draw a scatterplot for the following three associations: a.A curvilinear association b.A positive association with a large effect size c.A zero association

Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings. -Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01) -Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig. -Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04) -Comparing all three correlations,Dr.Oswald will be most able to accurately predict life satisfaction from the experience of daily stress because:

Which of the following is true of statistical significance testing?

Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings. -Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01) -Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig. -Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04) -In evaluating Dr.Oswald's study,you question the construct validity of the study.Which of the following questions would you be asking?

What are the five questions that consumers of research should ask to evaluate the statistical validity of an association claim?

A study finds a correlation coefficient of r = .32.This number gives you information about which of the following?

Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings. -Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01) -Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig. -Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04) -In determining whether the relationship between two of her variables was statistically significant,which of the following must be considered?

Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings. -Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01) -Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig. -Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04) -Considering Dr.Oswald's sample,which of the following statements is true?

Dr.Moynihan conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of panic attacks a person experienced in the past month,the number of nightmares experienced in the past month,and people's levels of neuroticism (a personality trait characterized by instability,anxiety,and worry).She collects a convenience sample of 50 community college students (25 males,25 females).Below are her findings. -A-number of panic attacks in the past month and neuroticism: r = -.03,not sig. -B-number of panic attacks in the past month and number of nightmares in the past month: r = -.14 (p = .05) -C-number of nightmares in the past month and neuroticism: r = .48 (p = .003) -What is an outlier? What aspect of Dr.Moynihan's study makes her findings especially susceptible to outliers? Why is this a problem?

Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings. -Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01) -Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig. -Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04) -Dr.Oswald realizes that the women in her study have more friends than the men in her study.This might result in which of the following?