Exam 5: Learning

Max is a waiter at a coffee shop. He gets paid $100 every day at 9 p.m. regardless of the number of customers he serves during the day. In this scenario, Max's payment is based on the _____. 

Which of the following is a view of cognitive psychologists?  

Benjamin entered a pizza-eating contest when he was in college. He finished five large pizzas by himself, but he felt nauseated and threw up a few hours later. For several years, the sight and smell of pizza made him feel sick. In this scenario, Benjamin's aversion toward pizza occurred through _____. 

Brandon had a fear of dogs. To extinguish this fear, his mother baked him his favorite cake and gradually brought a dog closer to him while he ate the cake. In this scenario, Brandon's mother used__________to cure his fear. 

Identify a true statement about taste aversions. 

Immediate reinforcers are less effective than delayed reinforcers. 

Albert was once awoken from his sleep by a white rat that fell on him. Following this incident, he began fearing all furry white objects including white fur coats and white stuffed animals. In this scenario, Albert's fear of all furry white objects is due to _____. 

Operant conditioning is a simple form of learning in which organisms come to anticipate or associate events with one another. 

In the context of operant conditioning, gamblers at slot machines win on a _____. 

__________is the recurrence of an extinguished response as a function of the passage of time. 

Spontaneous recovery of learned responses occurs only in operant conditioning. 

Ivan Pavlov proved that reflexes cannot be learned by association. 

The evolutionary perspective suggests that animals are biologically prepared to develop taste aversions that are adaptive in their environments. 

__________is defined as a simple form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in certain behavior because of the effects of that behavior. 

__________is the acquisition of knowledge and skills by watching others rather than by means of direct experience. 

__________is a behavior therapy method in which fear-evoking stimuli are presented continuously in the absence of actual harm so that fear responses are extinguished. 

In the context of classical conditioning, _____ helps organisms adapt to situations that recur from time to time. 

Which of the following statements is true of shaping?  

In Robert Rescorla's experiment, what happened to the group of dogs to whom a shock was consistently presented after a tone?  

According to cognitive psychologists, learning cannot be shown by changes in behavior.