Exam 5: Learning

According to _____, when we see modeled behavior being reinforced, we are vicariously reinforced. 

__________is the process by which stimuli lose their ability to evoke learned responses because the events that had followed the stimuli no longer occur. 

The readiness to acquire a certain kind of conditioned response due to the biological makeup of the organism is known as _____. 

Media violence and aggressive video games decrease viewers' level of emotional arousal. 

Which of the following statements is true of media violence?  

According to cognitive theorists, _____ is the process by which organisms make relatively permanent changes in the way they represent the environment because of experience. 

In _____, people receive reinforcement in the form of information. 

Children who watch violent shows may act less aggressively when they are informed that the:  

Positive reinforcers increase the probability that a behavior will occur when the reinforcers are removed. 

Mirror neurons allow us to anticipate other people's intentions when they reach for things. 

Christine uses an electric can opener to open cans of dog food. After the first few times of using the electric opener to open the dog food, she notices that her dog starts to salivate just at the sound of the electric can opener in anticipation of food. According to the principles of classical conditioning, the electric can opener has become an effective _____ for Christine's dog. 

In his initial experiments, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate when he sounded a tone or a bell. Pavlov termed these trained salivary responses__________. 

In E. C. Tolman's experiment, some rats were trained to run through mazes for standard food goals, while other rats were allowed to explore the mazes for 10 days without food goals or other rewards. Later, when food rewards were placed in a box at the far end of the maze, the previously unrewarded rats reached the food box as quickly as the rewarded rats after only one or two trials. This experiment demonstrated that the rats had the ability to form _____ of their surroundings. 

Carl is teaching his dogs to jump through a hoop. At the onset of training, Carl gives the dogs treats for each movement toward the hoop. Then, he only gives them treats when they near the hoop. Later, he waits until they jump through the hoop before giving them treats. In this scenario, Carl reinforces _____ of the goal. 

Which of the following statements is true of programmed learning?  

Which of the following statements is true of classical conditioning?  

Which of the following statements is true in the context of taste aversions?  

In the context of classical conditioning, extinguished conditioned responses cannot be recovered. 

Paula taught her dog to lie down every time she rang a hand bell. However, the dog began to apply this command even to the sound of a doorbell. In this scenario, the dog's action of lying down as a response to a similar stimulus is due to a tendency called__________. 

Flooding and counterconditioning are techniques for inducing fears.