Exam 12: Justice and Punishment in the Twenty-First Century

A potential result of punishment and control by distance,subjecting more offenders to stringent forms of surveillance who previously were dealt with less severely through traditional probation or other sanctions is called ___________.

Issues that center on the fact that women offenders have different problems and in different proportions than men are called __________.

Specialized courts that focus on treatment and rehabilitation of mentally ill offenders who land in the criminal justice system are known as __________ courts.

A technique that builds upon the discoveries in the area of DNA and genetic mapping,where genetic predispositions toward certain behaviors can be anticipated and prevented is called __________.

__________ risk assessment is a technique that builds upon the discoveries in the area of DNA and genetic mapping,where genetic predispositions toward certain behaviors can be anticipated and prevented.

A recent study of inmates in U.S.prisons found that more __________ had a mental health problem.

An offender monitoring system in which the offender wears an ankle bracelet and a wireless tracking device that is monitored using GPS and the cellular network is called 'technocorrections'.

The trend toward offender accountability has begun and is likely to continue.This approach to illegal behavior makes offenders aware of the damage,loss,or injury they cause and of their responsibility for it.It also holds the offender responsible for repairing the damage to the extent possible.

The HighScope Perry Preschool Project has been operating for more than forty years;it emphasizes intellectual and social development through active learning.The program is designed for children of low socioeconomic status and low IQ scores who are at high risk for failure in school.

Punishment and control by distance includes __________ that allow for depriving the offenders of some portion of their liberty and control over their movements with limited physical contact.

Injected or surgical implants have been proposed as an alternative to electronic bracelets because they __________.

Closely monitoring offenders electronically without locking them up,pharmacological treatments,and genetic risk assessments are examples of what has been called __________-the use of technology to monitor offenders and prevent future crimes.

__________ involves classifying and evaluating offenders based on their characteristics,crimes,and backgrounds to determine the likelihood of reoffending.

Risk assessment involves classifying and evaluating offenders based on their characteristics,crimes,and backgrounds to determine the likelihood of reoffending.

Community justice occurs where the justice system enhances community life and where communities partner effectively with the criminal justice system to share responsibility for social control.Do you view your community as having 'justice'? Why or why not?

Modern prisons have better security,better-trained staff,and better facilities,but the nature of confinement in prison has not changed significantly.There is still __________ where the goals of custody and control are difficult to maintain.

Male inmates adapt to inmate life using different types of coping mechanisms or role orientations.__________ refers to the prison term being seen as an interruption of the inmate's criminal career,a price of the criminal lifestyle,so the inmate simply attempts to cope and survive the sentence to subsequently resume life on the outside.

The proper consideration of necessary punishment of the offender to express public disapproval of law violation,and corrective treatment necessary to prevent repeated offenses is referred to as (the)__________.

Electronic monitoring,probation kiosks,and camera and satellite surveillance will allow for __________ by depriving the offenders of some portion of their liberty and control over their movements with limited physical contact.