Exam 8: The Meaning of Crime: Social Structure Perspective

________ is a sociological perspective that emphasizes the contribution made by variously socialized cultural groups to the phenomenon of crime.

In the 1930s, Clifford Shaw attempted to put his theories into practice by establishing the ______________, which sought to reduce social disorganization in transitional neighbourhoods through the creation of community committees. Shaw staffed these committees with local residents rather than professional social workers.

According to Robert Agnew's General Strain Theory (GST), what must others do in order for strain to occur?.

According to Sellin, ______________, which provide the valuative basis for human behaviour, are acquired early in life through childhood socialization, and it is the clash of norms between variously socialized groups that results in crime.

According to Walter Miller, fate is related to the quest for excitement and to the concept of luck or of being lucky.

In what year was General Strain Theor, or GST, formulated by Robert Agnew?

The broken window thesis is a perspective on crime that holds that physical deterioration in an area leads to increased concerns for personal safety among area residents and to higher crime rates in that area.

CPTED is the acronym for Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design.

According to general strain theory, strain occurs when which one of the following events occurs?

If a gang member kills another gang member, society may take this killing less seriously than if a gang member killed an individual who was not part of a gang.

According to differential opportunity theory, a lower-class youth who becomes addicted to drugs is probably involved in a conflict subculture.

In Canada, street gangs are typically comprised of youths aged 16-18.

According to Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin, a Type ________ youth desires wealth but not entry into the middle class.

________ developed the differential opportunity perspective.

Subcultural pathways to success are referred to as ________.

According to Cloward and Ohlin, Type IV youths, who were described as dropouts who retreated from the cultural mainstream through drug and alcohol use, were seen as the most likely to commit crime.

Social structure theories look at the formal and informal social and economic arrangements (or structure) of society as the root causes of crime and deviance.

The work of Park and Burgess viewed cities in terms of concentric zones, which were envisioned much like the circles on a target.