Question 1

Figure 18.1
  
-In Figure 18.1,items c and e are different from each other.How are they different?

Accepted Answer

A) Item c is the enzyme that modifies item e,the substrate. 
B) Item e is the enzyme that modifies the substrate,item c. 
C) Item c is the substrate acted on by the enzyme in the assay,and item e is the colored end product of that enzymatic reaction. 
D) Item e is the substrate acted on by the enzyme in the assay,and item c is the colored end product of that enzymatic reaction. 
A) Item c is the enzyme that modifies item e,the substrate. 
B) Item e is the enzyme that modifies the substrate,item c. 
C) Item c is the substrate acted on by the enzyme in the assay,and item e is the colored end product of that enzymatic reaction. 
D) Item e is the substrate acted on by the enzyme in the assay,and item c is the colored end product of that enzymatic reaction.

Question 2

In a direct ELISA test to screen for drugs in a patient's urine,what is the third step in the test process?

Accepted Answer

A) Substrate for the enzyme is added. 
B) Enzyme-labeled antibody against the drug being tested is added. 
C) The patient's urine sample is diluted. 
D) Antibody against the drug being tested is added. 
A) Substrate for the enzyme is added. 
B) Enzyme-labeled antibody against the drug being tested is added. 
C) The patient's urine sample is diluted. 
D) Antibody against the drug being tested is added.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about measles is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a serious disease. 
B) It is preventable by vaccination. 
C) Annually,it kills thousands of children worldwide. 
D) The disease has been eradicated in the United States. 
E) Complications include pneumonia,encephalitis,and death. 
A) It is a serious disease. 
B) It is preventable by vaccination. 
C) Annually,it kills thousands of children worldwide. 
D) The disease has been eradicated in the United States. 
E) Complications include pneumonia,encephalitis,and death.

Question 4

The following steps are used to produce monoclonal antibodies.What is the fourth step?

Accepted Answer

A) A B cell is activated to produce antibodies. 
B) Culture the hybridoma in a selective medium. 
C) Fuse a B cell to a myeloma cell. 
D) Isolate antibody-producing B cells. 
E) Vaccinate a mouse. 
A) A B cell is activated to produce antibodies. 
B) Culture the hybridoma in a selective medium. 
C) Fuse a B cell to a myeloma cell. 
D) Isolate antibody-producing B cells. 
E) Vaccinate a mouse.

Question 5

Adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used in vaccines to directly produce highly-specific immune responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Figure 18.1
  
-Which component in Figure 18.1 came from the patient in this indirect ELISA test?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 7

Design a serological test to detect botulinum toxin in food.

Accepted Answer

To design a serological test to detect b

Question 8

In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose histoplasmosis,a patient's serum is placed in a well in an agar plate.In a positive test,a line forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets material diffusing from a second well.What type of test is this?

Accepted Answer

A) an agglutination reaction 
B) a precipitation reaction 
C) a complement-fixation test 
D) an indirect ELISA test 
E) a direct ELISA test 
A) an agglutination reaction 
B) a precipitation reaction 
C) a complement-fixation test 
D) an indirect ELISA test 
E) a direct ELISA test

Question 9

A DNA plasmid encoding a protein antigen from West Nile virus is injected into muscle cells of a horse.This is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) subunit vaccine. 
B) conjugated vaccine. 
C) nucleic acid vaccine. 
D) attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
E) live whole-agent vaccine. 
A) subunit vaccine. 
B) conjugated vaccine. 
C) nucleic acid vaccine. 
D) attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
E) live whole-agent vaccine.

Question 10

Table 18.1
Antibody Titer
 $$\begin{array} { | l | r | r | r | r | } 
\hline & \text { Day 1 } &  { \text { Day 7 } } & \text { Day 14 } & \text { Day 21 } \
\hline \text { Patient A } & 0 & 0 & 256 & 512 \
\hline \text { Patient B } & 128 & 256 & 512 & 1024 \
\hline \text { Patient C } & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \
\hline \text { Patient D } & 128 & 128 & 128 & 128 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-In Table 18.1,who is most likely protected from the disease,as observed by the test results over time?

Accepted Answer

A) Patient A 
B) Patient B 
C) Patient C 
D) Patient D 
A) Patient A 
B) Patient B 
C) Patient C 
D) Patient D

Question 11

Which of the following tests is MOST useful in determining the presence of AIDS antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A) agglutination 
B) complement fixation 
C) neutralization 
D) indirect ELISA 
E) direct fluorescent-antibody 
A) agglutination 
B) complement fixation 
C) neutralization 
D) indirect ELISA 
E) direct fluorescent-antibody

Question 12

A highly specific diagnostic test will be unlikely to indicate a positive result if a specimen being tested is a true negative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose the fungal disease histoplasmosis,a patient's serum is placed in a well in an agar plate.In a positive test,a precipitate forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets material diffusing from a second well.In this test process,what is the most likely identity of the material in the second well?

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies 
B) a purified fungal antigen 
C) entire fungal cells 
D) a purified protozoan antigen 
E) red blood cells 
A) antibodies 
B) a purified fungal antigen 
C) entire fungal cells 
D) a purified protozoan antigen 
E) red blood cells

Question 14

Figure 18.1
  
-In Figure 18.1,which component represents the substrate for the enzyme in the assay?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 15

An ELISA for Hepatitis C has 95 percent sensitivity and 90 percent specificity.This means that the test

Accepted Answer

A) detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. 
B) detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. 
C) detects 90 percent of the true positive samples and has 5 percent false positive results. 
D) detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. 
E) detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. 
A) detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. 
B) detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. 
C) detects 90 percent of the true positive samples and has 5 percent false positive results. 
D) detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. 
E) detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results.

Question 16

Patient's serum,influenza virus,and red blood cells are mixed in a tube.What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza virus?

Accepted Answer

A) agglutination 
B) hemagglutination 
C) complement fixation 
D) hemolysis 
E) hemagglutination-inhibition 
A) agglutination 
B) hemagglutination 
C) complement fixation 
D) hemolysis 
E) hemagglutination-inhibition

Question 17

Which of the following is a test to determine a patient's blood type by mixing the patient's red blood cells with antisera?

Accepted Answer

A) direct agglutination reaction 
B) passive agglutination reaction 
C) immunofluorescence 
D) neutralization reaction 
E) precipitation reaction 
A) direct agglutination reaction 
B) passive agglutination reaction 
C) immunofluorescence 
D) neutralization reaction 
E) precipitation reaction

Question 18

Inactivated tetanus toxin is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) conjugated vaccine. 
B) subunit vaccine. 
C) nucleic acid vaccine. 
D) inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
E) toxoid vaccine. 
A) conjugated vaccine. 
B) subunit vaccine. 
C) nucleic acid vaccine. 
D) inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
E) toxoid vaccine.

Question 19

A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen,forming larger,interlocking molecular lattices,is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) agglutination reaction. 
B) complement fixation. 
C) immunofluorescence. 
D) neutralization reaction. 
E) precipitation reaction. 
A) agglutination reaction. 
B) complement fixation. 
C) immunofluorescence. 
D) neutralization reaction. 
E) precipitation reaction.

Question 20

A test used to identify antibodies against Treponema pallidum in a patient's serum is the

Accepted Answer

A) direct fluorescent-antibody test. 
B) indirect fluorescent-antibody test. 
C) direct agglutination test. 
D) direct ELISA test. 
E) neutralization test. 
A) direct fluorescent-antibody test. 
B) indirect fluorescent-antibody test. 
C) direct agglutination test. 
D) direct ELISA test. 
E) neutralization test.

Exam 18: Practical Applications of Immunology

Figure 18.1 -In Figure 18.1,items c and e are different from each other.How are they different?

In a direct ELISA test to screen for drugs in a patient's urine,what is the third step in the test process?

Which of the following statements about measles is FALSE?

The following steps are used to produce monoclonal antibodies.What is the fourth step?

Adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used in vaccines to directly produce highly-specific immune responses.

Figure 18.1 -Which component in Figure 18.1 came from the patient in this indirect ELISA test?

Design a serological test to detect botulinum toxin in food.

In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose histoplasmosis,a patient's serum is placed in a well in an agar plate.In a positive test,a line forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets material diffusing from a second well.What type of test is this?

A DNA plasmid encoding a protein antigen from West Nile virus is injected into muscle cells of a horse.This is an example of a(n)

Table 18.1 Antibody Titer Day 1 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 Patient A 0 0 256 512 Patient B 128 256 512 1024 Patient C 0 0 0 0 Patient D 128 128 128 128 -In Table 18.1,who is most likely protected from the disease,as observed by the test results over time?

Which of the following tests is MOST useful in determining the presence of AIDS antibodies?

A highly specific diagnostic test will be unlikely to indicate a positive result if a specimen being tested is a true negative.

Figure 18.1 -In Figure 18.1,which component represents the substrate for the enzyme in the assay?

An ELISA for Hepatitis C has 95 percent sensitivity and 90 percent specificity.This means that the test

Patient's serum,influenza virus,and red blood cells are mixed in a tube.What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza virus?

Which of the following is a test to determine a patient's blood type by mixing the patient's red blood cells with antisera?

Inactivated tetanus toxin is a(n)

A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen,forming larger,interlocking molecular lattices,is called a(n)

A test used to identify antibodies against Treponema pallidum in a patient's serum is the

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