Exam 18: Practical Applications of Immunology

In a recent influenza epidemic,physicians were utilizing a rapid diagnostic test to determine which patients were infected with influenza type A,type B,or not infected with influenza virus.Such a test was not available in the massive 1918 outbreak that killed millions of people around the globe.How might the availability of such a test have impacted that outbreak,and why?

In your work in a county public health clinic,you encounter parents of a three-month-old who are considering not vaccinating their child.What concerns might the parents raise regarding vaccine safety? As a microbiology student and public health care worker,what do you say to these parents regarding the risks of not vaccinating their child?

A patient shows the presence of antibodies against diphtheria toxin.Which of the following statements is FALSE?

In a vaccine preparation,the term "attenuated" means that the agent does NOT replicate.

Which of the following uses fluorescent-labeled antibodies?

One of the objections many people have about vaccinations is the amount and variety of chemicals in them.Many people don't realize how easy the ingredients are to find - they're required in the product inserts for each vaccination produced.Using the internet,go and find a product insert for a typical vaccine (e.g.influenza vaccine,HPV vaccine,hepatitis B vaccine,etc.).Identify each component contained within it,the amount of that component,and briefly describe what that component does.

All of the following are generally used in vaccines EXCEPT

The clumping of test red blood cells indicates a negative test result (no antibodies against the virus in the patient's serum)in the

Which of the following are sources of antibodies for serological testing?

A test used to identify Streptococcus pyogenes in a patient's throat swab is the

Haemophilus capsule polysaccharide plus diphtheria toxoid is a(n)

Toxoid vaccines,such as the vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus,elicit a(n)

A vaccine against HIV proteins made by a genetically-engineered vaccinia virus that has infected a eukaryotic cell line is a(n)

A test used to detect anti-Rickettsia antibodies in a patient's serum is the

Palivizumab is used to treat respiratory syncytial virus disease.This antiviral drug is a(n)

Table 18.1 Antibody Titer Day 1 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 Patient A 0 0 256 512 Patient B 128 256 512 1024 Patient C 0 0 0 0 Patient D 128 128 128 128 -In Table 18.1,what is the most likely and reasonable explanation for the results observed in Patient C?

Dead Bordetella pertussis can be used in a(n)

A hybridoma results from the fusion of a(n)

Describe an ELISA test to detect the presence of HIV antibodies in a patient.

A reaction that uses the absence of hemolysis of red blood cells to indicate an antigen-antibody reaction is called a(n)