Question 1

In Pavlov's principle experiment, what is the term for a dog salivating after hearing a tone?

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned response 
B) unconditioned stimulus 
C) unconditioned response 
D) conditioned stimulus 
A) conditioned response 
B) unconditioned stimulus 
C) unconditioned response 
D) conditioned stimulus

Question 2

While out trick-or-treating for Halloween, at first Billy's neighbours had to remind him to say "trick or treat" before they dropped their treats into his bag. As he continued to visit houses in the neighbourhood, soon Billy would say "trick or treat" as soon as the neighbours answered the door. Which operant conditioning term is used to describe the cue provided by the neighbours answering the door?

Accepted Answer

A) discriminative stimulus 
B) conditioned stimulus 
C) reward 
D) reinforcer 
A) discriminative stimulus 
B) conditioned stimulus 
C) reward 
D) reinforcer

Question 3

Which type of learning is being employed if a rat bar-presses in order to turn off an electrical shock?

Accepted Answer

A) punishment 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) avoidance learning 
D) escape learning 
A) punishment 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) avoidance learning 
D) escape learning

Question 4

What is the term for a previously neutral stimulus that, through conditioning, acquires the capacity to evoke a response?

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus 
B) conditioned stimulus 
C) unconditioned response 
D) conditioned response 
A) unconditioned stimulus 
B) conditioned stimulus 
C) unconditioned response 
D) conditioned response

Question 5

Which of the following is one of your text's guidelines for making punishment more effective?

Accepted Answer

A) Do not apply punishment swiftly; instead, allow the child time to think about the coming punishment. 
B) Because it is not necessary, do not explain the punishment to the child. 
C) Use a punishment that is somewhat more severe than necessary. 
D) Make punishment consistent. 
A) Do not apply punishment swiftly; instead, allow the child time to think about the coming punishment. 
B) Because it is not necessary, do not explain the punishment to the child. 
C) Use a punishment that is somewhat more severe than necessary. 
D) Make punishment consistent.

Question 6

If a dog that has been classically conditioned to salivate when shown a square does not salivate when shown a triangle, what does the dog's behaviour illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) response discrimination 
B) stimulus discrimination 
C) stimulus generalization 
D) response generalization 
A) response discrimination 
B) stimulus discrimination 
C) stimulus generalization 
D) response generalization

Question 7

What is the conditioned response that advertisers are attempting to create if they try to sell clothing by pairing the clothing with images of attractive models and celebrities?

Accepted Answer

A) increased sales elicited by the celebrities 
B) decreased fear elicited by the clothes 
C) positive emotions elicited by the clothing 
D) positive emotions elicited by the celebrities 
A) increased sales elicited by the celebrities 
B) decreased fear elicited by the clothes 
C) positive emotions elicited by the clothing 
D) positive emotions elicited by the celebrities

Question 8

What is spontaneous recovery?

Accepted Answer

A) a situation in which a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus 
B) the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response 
C) the reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of nonexposure to the conditioned stimulus 
D) the initial stages of learning a conditioned response 
A) a situation in which a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus 
B) the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response 
C) the reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of nonexposure to the conditioned stimulus 
D) the initial stages of learning a conditioned response

Question 9

Which term would be used to describe reinforcers like tasty food or hugs from your favourite people?

Accepted Answer

A) classical reinforcers 
B) secondary reinforcers 
C) primary reinforcers 
D) typical reinforcers 
A) classical reinforcers 
B) secondary reinforcers 
C) primary reinforcers 
D) typical reinforcers

Question 10

A rat in a Skinner Box learns that a red light comes on just before a shock is presented. What is a rat demonstrating if it learns to bar-press when the light comes on, in order to prevent a shock from happening?

Accepted Answer

A) escape learning 
B) avoidance learning 
C) positive punishment 
D) positive reinforcement 
A) escape learning 
B) avoidance learning 
C) positive punishment 
D) positive reinforcement

Question 11

If you start driving your car without fastening your seatbelt, you will hear a somewhat annoying sound. What type of learning have you demonstrated if you learn to fasten the seatbelt after hearing the sound?

Accepted Answer

A) escape learning 
B) avoidance learning 
C) positive reinforcement 
D) positive punishment 
A) escape learning 
B) avoidance learning 
C) positive reinforcement 
D) positive punishment

Question 12

Why are primary reinforcers effective?

Accepted Answer

A) They satisfy biological needs. 
B) The organism has learned to desire them. 
C) We want approval for our actions. 
D) They have been associated with secondary reinforcers. 
A) They satisfy biological needs. 
B) The organism has learned to desire them. 
C) We want approval for our actions. 
D) They have been associated with secondary reinforcers.

Question 13

What is it called when an organism responds to a specific stimulus or conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery 
B) stimulus generalization 
C) stimulus discrimination 
D) extinction 
A) spontaneous recovery 
B) stimulus generalization 
C) stimulus discrimination 
D) extinction

Question 14

Tyler still sends a lot of text messages to his ex-girlfriend even though she no longer responds to them. Which term characterizes Tyler's behaviour of sending texts to his ex?

Accepted Answer

A) low association with reinforcement 
B) high resistance to extinction 
C) low resistance to extinction 
D) high association with reinforcement 
A) low association with reinforcement 
B) high resistance to extinction 
C) low resistance to extinction 
D) high association with reinforcement

Question 15

In classical conditioning, what is the term for the initial stage of learning a new association?

Accepted Answer

A) acquisition 
B) habituation 
C) adaptation 
D) contingency 
A) acquisition 
B) habituation 
C) adaptation 
D) contingency

Question 16

If the cumulative record for Rat A has a steep slope, while Rat B's has a shallow slope, what would you conclude?

Accepted Answer

A) Rat A has a higher rate of responding than Rat B. 
B) Rat B has a higher rate of responding than Rat A. 
C) Both Rat A and Rat B have high rates of responding. 
D) Both Rat A and Rat B have low rates of responding. 
A) Rat A has a higher rate of responding than Rat B. 
B) Rat B has a higher rate of responding than Rat A. 
C) Both Rat A and Rat B have high rates of responding. 
D) Both Rat A and Rat B have low rates of responding.

Question 17

Six-year-old Sam asks only his Dad if he can stay up past his bedtime and never asks his Mom. Which term could be used to describe Sam's father?

Accepted Answer

A) generalized stimulus 
B) reinforcement 
C) discriminative stimulus 
D) schedule of reinforcement 
A) generalized stimulus 
B) reinforcement 
C) discriminative stimulus 
D) schedule of reinforcement

Exam 6: B: Learning

In Pavlov's principle experiment, what is the term for a dog salivating after hearing a tone?

Which type of learning is being employed if a rat bar-presses in order to turn off an electrical shock?

What is the term for a previously neutral stimulus that, through conditioning, acquires the capacity to evoke a response?

Which of the following is one of your text's guidelines for making punishment more effective?

If a dog that has been classically conditioned to salivate when shown a square does not salivate when shown a triangle, what does the dog's behaviour illustrate?

What is the conditioned response that advertisers are attempting to create if they try to sell clothing by pairing the clothing with images of attractive models and celebrities?

What is spontaneous recovery?

Which term would be used to describe reinforcers like tasty food or hugs from your favourite people?

A rat in a Skinner Box learns that a red light comes on just before a shock is presented. What is a rat demonstrating if it learns to bar-press when the light comes on, in order to prevent a shock from happening?

If you start driving your car without fastening your seatbelt, you will hear a somewhat annoying sound. What type of learning have you demonstrated if you learn to fasten the seatbelt after hearing the sound?

Why are primary reinforcers effective?

What is it called when an organism responds to a specific stimulus or conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus?

Tyler still sends a lot of text messages to his ex-girlfriend even though she no longer responds to them. Which term characterizes Tyler's behaviour of sending texts to his ex?

In classical conditioning, what is the term for the initial stage of learning a new association?

If the cumulative record for Rat A has a steep slope, while Rat B's has a shallow slope, what would you conclude?

Six-year-old Sam asks only his Dad if he can stay up past his bedtime and never asks his Mom. Which term could be used to describe Sam's father?

A: The Evolution of Psychology

B: The Evolution of Psychology

A: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

B: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

A:The Biological Bases of Behaviour

B: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

A: Variations in Consciousness

B: Variations in Consciousness

A: Learning

A: Human Memory

B: Human Memory

A: Language and Thought

B: Language and Thought

A: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

B: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

B: Human Development Across the Life Span

A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

B: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

A: Stress, Coping, and Health

B: Stress, Coping, and Health

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

A: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

B: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

A: Social Behaviour

B: Social Behaviour

Appendix B: Statistical Methods

Appendix C: Industrialorganizational Psychology

Appendix D: Evaluating the Quality of Web-Based Resources

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