Question 1

What is metalinguistic awareness?

Accepted Answer

A) knowledge of which verbs are irregular 
B) awareness of the role of positive reinforcement in language acquisition 
C) the ability to reflect on the use of language 
D) the tendency to recognize one's own grammatical errors 
A) knowledge of which verbs are irregular 
B) awareness of the role of positive reinforcement in language acquisition 
C) the ability to reflect on the use of language 
D) the tendency to recognize one's own grammatical errors

Question 2

Corey was serving on a jury in a criminal case, and the jury reached a unanimous "not guilty" verdict. Several months later, some additional evidence came to light that strongly suggested that the defendant was, in fact, guilty of the crime in question. Corey is still not convinced by the new evidence, and claims he wouldn't have voted guilty, even if the new information had been presented during the trial. What is Corey demonstrating in this example?

Accepted Answer

A) conjunction fallacy 
B) mental set 
C) belief perseverance 
D) availability heuristic 
A) conjunction fallacy 
B) mental set 
C) belief perseverance 
D) availability heuristic

Question 3

Kamini is playing with her dolls and she points to one of her dolls and says to you "Her wented out to a party yesterday night." This is a sentence that she has never heard another person say. Such utterances provide evidence against which view of language?

Accepted Answer

A) interactionist 
B) cognitive 
C) nativist 
D) behaviourist 
A) interactionist 
B) cognitive 
C) nativist 
D) behaviourist

Question 4

You are a CEO for a large company and you are interested in making some changes to the way that the company runs. You would like to see some creativity in administrative processes, rather than simply continuing the way things have always been done. Which of the following should you do?

Accepted Answer

A) Hire new managers from outside the company, because the existing managers are vulnerable to the effects of mental set. 
B) Encourage retired managers to come back temporarily, because experienced managers would be less vulnerable to the effects of mental set. 
C) Promote young employees to positions of power, because young adults are more likely to take advantage of functional fixedness. 
D) Hire more women for management positions, because women are less vulnerable to functional fixedness. 
A) Hire new managers from outside the company, because the existing managers are vulnerable to the effects of mental set. 
B) Encourage retired managers to come back temporarily, because experienced managers would be less vulnerable to the effects of mental set. 
C) Promote young employees to positions of power, because young adults are more likely to take advantage of functional fixedness. 
D) Hire more women for management positions, because women are less vulnerable to functional fixedness.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) In their predictions about personal matters, people tend to be more accurate than confident. 
B) Even professionals and experts tend to be overconfident about their own predictions. 
C) The overconfidence effect is seen only when making predictions about events that have no personal significance. 
D) The overconfidence effect is seen only when making predictions about events that have personal significance. 
A) In their predictions about personal matters, people tend to be more accurate than confident. 
B) Even professionals and experts tend to be overconfident about their own predictions. 
C) The overconfidence effect is seen only when making predictions about events that have no personal significance. 
D) The overconfidence effect is seen only when making predictions about events that have personal significance.

Question 6

Reed is an avid basketball fan who is excited by the fact that the local professional team has won the first five games of the season. Based on this early performance, Reed is looking forward to a record-breaking season. Why does this faulty logic illustrate an error in statistical reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) Later performance is seldom related to early performance. 
B) Small samples are the most accurate representation of final outcomes. 
C) Small samples cannot be expected to provide reliable indications of long-run performance. 
D) Winning streaks usually last for only a short period of time. 
A) Later performance is seldom related to early performance. 
B) Small samples are the most accurate representation of final outcomes. 
C) Small samples cannot be expected to provide reliable indications of long-run performance. 
D) Winning streaks usually last for only a short period of time.

Question 7

You can't think of a single instance when Cathy helped you out, and so you decide that Cathy must be an ungenerous person. What are you using to make this judgment?

Accepted Answer

A) representativeness heuristic 
B) expected value 
C) availability heuristic 
D) subjective utility 
A) representativeness heuristic 
B) expected value 
C) availability heuristic 
D) subjective utility

Question 8

Three-year-old Isaiah used to say "mikk" when he wanted a drink of milk. Now he is able to say "milk" quite clearly. What language component has Isaiah improved in this instance?

Accepted Answer

A) morphemes 
B) phonemes 
C) syntax 
D) linguistic heuristics 
A) morphemes 
B) phonemes 
C) syntax 
D) linguistic heuristics

Question 9

According to Pinker and Bloom, if the acquisition of language was a trait variation that produced just 1 percent more offspring per generation, how long would it take to see an increase in prevalence from 0.1 percent to 99.9 percent?

Accepted Answer

A) 4000 generations 
B) 3 generations 
C) 30 generations 
D) 40 000 generations 
A) 4000 generations 
B) 3 generations 
C) 30 generations 
D) 40 000 generations

Exam 8: A: Language and Thought

What is metalinguistic awareness?

Kamini is playing with her dolls and she points to one of her dolls and says to you "Her wented out to a party yesterday night." This is a sentence that she has never heard another person say. Such utterances provide evidence against which view of language?

You are a CEO for a large company and you are interested in making some changes to the way that the company runs. You would like to see some creativity in administrative processes, rather than simply continuing the way things have always been done. Which of the following should you do?

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Reed is an avid basketball fan who is excited by the fact that the local professional team has won the first five games of the season. Based on this early performance, Reed is looking forward to a record-breaking season. Why does this faulty logic illustrate an error in statistical reasoning?

You can't think of a single instance when Cathy helped you out, and so you decide that Cathy must be an ungenerous person. What are you using to make this judgment?

Three-year-old Isaiah used to say "mikk" when he wanted a drink of milk. Now he is able to say "milk" quite clearly. What language component has Isaiah improved in this instance?

According to Pinker and Bloom, if the acquisition of language was a trait variation that produced just 1 percent more offspring per generation, how long would it take to see an increase in prevalence from 0.1 percent to 99.9 percent?

A: The Evolution of Psychology

B: The Evolution of Psychology

A: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

B: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

A:The Biological Bases of Behaviour

B: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

A: Variations in Consciousness

B: Variations in Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

A: Human Memory

B: Human Memory

B: Language and Thought

A: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

B: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

B: Human Development Across the Life Span

A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

B: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

A: Stress, Coping, and Health

B: Stress, Coping, and Health

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

A: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

B: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

A: Social Behaviour

B: Social Behaviour

Appendix B: Statistical Methods

Appendix C: Industrialorganizational Psychology

Appendix D: Evaluating the Quality of Web-Based Resources

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